Table_1_Food insecurity and its determinants in a vulnerable area of Santiago, Chile.pdf

This study aims to identify the determinants associated to food insecurity in a group of households composed of schoolchildren and their mothers/caregivers, who lived in a low-to-medium community development index area of the city of Santiago, Chile with a high presence of migrant population. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample was made up of 646 people, who answered a series of surveys with the aim of characterizing this group in sociodemographic terms (sex, age, number of inhabitants in the household, place of food purchase, conditional or non-conditional state transfer program beneficiary status, persons in charge of purchasing food for the household, mothers/caregivers education level and basic knowledge of food and nutrition). To assess moderate-to-severe food insecurity and severe food insecurity, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale-FIES was applied between September and October 2021. Logistic regression analysis were used to carry out multivariate analyses, with the use of stepwise back-and-forward strategies for the selected variables and defining p < 0.05. These models were adjusted per number of inhabitants in the household. The results indicate that 25.4% of households presented moderate-to-severe food insecurity, and 6.4% severe food insecurity experience. The variables that presented significant odds of risk to food insecurity were being a migrant, low maternal education level, low performance on basic knowledge in nutrition and when the father was responsible for food purchases. Several public policies have been implemented in Chile during the most recent decades aimed at increasing access to healthier foods and the implementation of healthier food environments. Despite this, there are still social and economic health determinants that contribute to the risk of odds insecurity for the most vulnerable groups in the country, thus putting at risk the fulfillment of the human right to adequate food at risk.本研究旨在明确智利圣地亚哥市移民人口占比偏高的中低社区发展指数区域内，由学龄儿童及其母亲/照料者组成的家庭群体中，与粮食不安全相关的影响因素。本研究采用非概率便利抽样方法，共纳入646名研究对象，所有对象均填写了一系列调查问卷，用于从社会人口学维度刻画该群体特征，涵盖性别、年龄、家庭常住人口数、食品购买渠道、是否为有条件/无条件国家转移支付计划受益者、家庭食品采购负责人、母亲/照料者受教育水平，以及食品与营养基础知识掌握情况。研究于2021年9月至10月间采用粮食不安全体验量表（Food Insecurity Experience Scale, FIES）对中度至重度粮食不安全及重度粮食不安全状况进行评估。本研究采用逻辑回归分析开展多变量统计分析，运用逐步双向变量选择策略，并设定P<0.05为显著性检验水准，所有模型均按家庭常住人口数进行校正。研究结果显示，25.4%的家庭存在中度至重度粮食不安全问题，6.4%的家庭存在重度粮食不安全体验。与粮食不安全风险呈显著关联的变量包括：移民身份、母亲受教育水平偏低、营养基础知识掌握较差，以及由父亲负责家庭食品采购。近数十年来，智利已出台多项公共政策，旨在提升健康食品的可及性并营造更健康的食品消费环境。尽管如此，该国仍存在诸多社会与经济健康决定因素，加剧了国内最弱势群体的粮食不安全风险，进而威胁到人人享有充足食物的人权实现。