Supplementary Tables for Marqués-Gálvez et al.

Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>L.) is a globally important horticultural crop, but its growth and productivity are limited by soil salinity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance salt tolerance in tomato, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To explore this, we analyzed the transcriptional response of non-mycorrhizal and AMF-inoculated tomato roots under salt stress. AMF-inoculated roots showed altered regulation of genes involved in Ca²⁺ signalling and salt-stress sensing, including<i>SlMOCA1</i>and components of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway such as<i>SlSOS3</i>,<i>SlTFT</i>, and<i>SlGI</i>. AMF also promoted ion homeostasis by altering the regulation of K⁺ transporters and<i>SlNHX</i>genes encoding vacuolar H⁺/Na⁺ exchangers, contributing to improved Na⁺/K⁺ ratios. Additionally, AMF enhanced the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, including catalases and ascorbate peroxidases. These findings indicate that AMF inoculation supports salt-stress tolerance in tomato roots through improved stress sensing, ion regulation, and antioxidant responses. This study provides new insights into the complex molecular interactions between tomato roots and AMF under salt stress, offering potential targets for breeding or gene-editing strategies to improve crop resilience.

番茄（<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.）是全球重要的园艺作物，但其生长与产量受土壤盐渍化限制。已知丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）可增强番茄的耐盐性，但其潜在分子机制仍未阐明。为探究该科学问题，本研究分析了盐胁迫下未接种菌根与接种AMF的番茄根系的转录响应。研究发现，接种AMF的根系改变了钙信号（Ca²⁺）转导与盐胁迫感知相关基因的调控模式，包括<i>SlMOCA1</i>以及盐超敏感（salt overly sensitive，SOS）通路的相关组分，如<i>SlSOS3</i>、<i>SlTFT</i>与<i>SlGI</i>。AMF还通过调控钾离子（K⁺）转运蛋白基因以及编码液泡H⁺/Na⁺交换蛋白的<i>SlNHX</i>家族基因，促进离子稳态平衡，优化植株的Na⁺/K⁺比值。此外，AMF上调了活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）解毒相关基因的表达，包括过氧化氢酶与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶。上述结果表明，AMF接种可通过优化胁迫感知、离子调控与抗氧化应答通路，提升番茄根系的耐盐性。本研究为盐胁迫下番茄根系与AMF之间的复杂分子互作机制提供了新的研究视角，同时为通过育种或基因编辑策略提升作物抗逆性提供了潜在的作用靶点。