Career Aspirations Among Smith Undergraduates: A Longitudinal Study, 1975-1978

This longitudinal study was designed to investigate intrapsychic variables that might influence women's career aspirations and ultimate career choice. The first wave of data collection was conducted in spring, 1975. One hundred and ten Smith College undergraduates, enrolled in an introductory psychology course, volunteered to participate in this questionnaire study. The battery of questionnaires included Mehrabian's need achievement and affiliation scales, a modified Internal-External scale (adapted from Black), attributional patterns for success and failure in various occupations, Spence's scale tapping attitudes toward work and family, attitudes toward the women's movement, Goff's agency/communion value scale, and information on background and life goals. The second wave of data collection was conducted in 1978, when 22 of the original respondents, mostly seniors, were followed up. At that time, 123 more students (classes of '78, '81, and '82) were added to the sample. The second wave focused on determinants of career choice and included many of the scales used in the first wave. In addition, participants completed items on perceived parental attributes and attitudes; job ratings in terms of difficulty, effort required, anticipated success or failure; masculinity/femininity, and degree of agency or communion; and McKeachie's scale of values. Several Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) picture cues were also administered. The Murray Research Archive holds responses to Thematic Apperception Test cues and numeric file data (paper data have been digitized and are available for online access).本项纵向研究旨在探究可能影响女性职业抱负与最终职业选择的心理内部变量（intrapsychic variables）。第一波数据采集于1975年春季开展，110名修读心理学导论课程的史密斯学院本科生自愿参与本问卷调查研究。本次调研的成套问卷涵盖：梅拉比安成就需要与亲和需要量表（Mehrabian's need achievement and affiliation scales）、改编自布莱克（Black）的改良版内外控量表（Internal-External scale）、不同职业情境下的成败归因模式问卷、斯彭斯工作与家庭态度量表（Spence's scale tapping attitudes toward work and family）、妇女运动态度量表、戈夫能动性-共融性价值量表（Goff's agency/communion value scale），以及被试背景与人生目标相关信息。第二波数据采集于1978年进行，对最初受访样本中的22名（多为大四学生）进行了追踪回访；同时新增123名学生（1978、1981及1982届）纳入研究样本。第二波研究聚焦于职业选择的影响因素，沿用了第一波调研中的多数量表。此外，参与者还完成了以下内容：感知到的父母特质与态度相关题目、基于难度、所需投入、预期成败的职业评分、性别气质（男性化/女性化）以及能动性-共融性程度测评、麦基奇价值观量表（McKeachie's scale of values）。本次调研还施测了多套主题统觉测验（Thematic Apperception Test, TAT）图片刺激材料。默里研究档案馆（Murray Research Archive）保存了本次研究的主题统觉测验反应数据与数值型档案数据，其中纸质资料已完成数字化，可在线获取。