Prevalence of alcohol use and smoking in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of alcohol and smoking in eating disorders. The databases used in this study were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. These databases were searched in English by December 2023. The sample size and event for alcohol use and smoking were extracted from each of the studies. Also, the subgroups were examined based on the types of eating disorders. The random-effects method was used to combine the results of the studies. The prevalence of alcohol use in eating disorders is equal to 27% (CI 23–32%; I2 = 99.6%). The prevalence of smoking in eating disorders is equal to 31% (CI 27–36%; I2 = 99.1%). The prevalence of alcohol use in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder was 26%, 390%, and 29% respectively. The prevalence of smoking in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder was 24%, 41%, and 35% respectively. Based on the findings, it was shown that the prevalence of alcohol use and smoking in eating disorders is high. Accordingly, this issue needs to be considered by health professionals and health policy to be used in activities related to prevention and treatment.本研究旨在针对进食障碍（eating disorders）患者的酒精与吸烟流行率开展系统综述与元分析。本研究检索的数据库包括PubMed、Scopus及Web of Science，检索时限截至2023年12月，检索语言为英语。研究人员从每项纳入研究中提取酒精使用与吸烟相关的样本量及事件发生数，同时依据进食障碍的分型进行亚组分析。本研究采用随机效应模型合并各项研究的结果。进食障碍患者的酒精使用流行率为27%（置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）：23%~32%；I²=99.6%），吸烟流行率为31%（CI：27%~36%；I²=99.1%）。神经性厌食症（anorexia nervosa）、神经性贪食症（bulimia nervosa）及暴食障碍（binge eating disorder）患者的酒精使用流行率分别为26%、390%及29%；其吸烟流行率则分别为24%、41%及35%。基于上述研究结果可知，进食障碍患者的酒精使用与吸烟流行率均处于较高水平。因此，卫生专业人员及卫生政策制定者需重视该问题，并将其纳入进食障碍的预防与干预相关工作中。