Seafloor character, 5-m grid--Offshore of Coal Oil Point, California

This part of SIM 3302 presents data for the seafloor-character map (see sheet 5, SIM 3302) of the Offshore of Coal Oil Point map area, California. The raster data file is included in "SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreCoalOilPoint_5m.zip," which is accessible from http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreCoalOilPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreCoalOilPoint.html. These metadata describe the seafloor-character data collected at 5-m resolution. See "SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreCoalOilPoint_2m_metadata.txt" metadata for a description of the seafloor-character data collected at 2-m resolution.
The raster-format seafloor-character map shows five substrate classes of the Offshore of Coal Oil Point map area. The substrate classes mapped in this map area have been colored to indicate in which of the following California Marine Life Protection Act depth zones and slope classes they belong: Depth Zone 2 (intertidal to 30 m), Depth Zone 3 (30 to 100 m), Depth Zone 4 (100 to 200 m), Slope Class 1, 0 degrees to 5 degrees (flat), Slope Class 2, 5 degrees to 0 degrees (sloping), and Slope Class 3, 30 degrees to 60 degrees (steeply sloping).
Depth Zone 1 (intertidal), Depth Zone 5 (greater than 200 m), and Slope Classes 4 and 5, greater than 60 degrees (vertical to overhang) are not present in this map area. The map is created using a supervised classification method described by Cochrane (2008), available at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf.
Bathymetry data were collected at two different resolutions: at 2-m resolution, down to approximately 80-m water depth (2006-2008 USGS data, and 2007 CSUMB data); and at 5-m resolution, in the deeper areas (2009 Fugro Pelagos data). The final resolution of the seafloor-character map is determined by the resolution of both the backscatter and bathymetry datasets; therefore, separate seafloor-character maps were generated to retain the maximum resolution of the source data.
References Cited:
California Department of Fish and Game, 2008, California Marine Life Protection Act master plan for marine protected areas--Revised draft: California Department of Fish and Game, accessed April 5, 2011, at http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/masterplan.asp.
Cochrane, G.R., 2008, Video-supervised classification of sonar data for mapping seafloor habitat, in Reynolds, J.R., and Greene, H.G., eds., Marine habitat mapping technology for Alaska: Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, p. 185-194, accessed April 5, 2011, at http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf.
Sappington, J.M., Longshore, K.M., and Thompson, D.B., 2007, Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis--A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, p. 1,419-1,426.

本SIM 3302数据集的此部分提供了加利福尼亚州科油角（Coal Oil Point）海域制图区的海底特征地图数据（详见SIM 3302第5幅图幅）。该栅格数据文件收录于"SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreCoalOilPoint_5m.zip"压缩包中，可通过http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreCoalOilPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreCoalOilPoint.html获取。本元数据描述的是5米分辨率采集的海底特征数据。如需了解2米分辨率海底特征数据的相关说明，请查阅"SeafloorCharacter_OffshoreCoalOilPoint_2m_metadata.txt"元数据文件。

本栅格格式海底特征地图展示了科油角海域制图区内的5类底质类型。本制图区中已着色的底质类型，分别对应以下《加州海洋生物保护法》（California Marine Life Protection Act）规定的深度带与坡度等级：深度带2（潮间带至30米）、深度带3（30米至100米）、深度带4（100米至200米）；坡度等级1（0°~5°，平缓）、坡度等级2（5°~0°，倾斜）、坡度等级3（30°~60°，陡坡）。

深度带1（潮间带）、深度带5（大于200米）以及坡度等级4、5（大于60°，近垂直至悬垂）未在本制图区出现。

本地图采用Cochrane（2008）描述的监督分类方法制作，相关文献可通过http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf获取。

水深测量数据采用两种不同分辨率采集：2米分辨率数据覆盖至约80米水深（2006-2008年美国地质调查局（USGS）数据及2007年加州州立大学蒙特雷湾分校（CSUMB）数据）；5米分辨率数据覆盖更深水域（2009年富格罗（Fugro）Pelagos公司数据）。海底特征地图的最终分辨率由反向散射与水深测量数据集的分辨率共同决定，因此本数据集生成了多幅独立的海底特征地图，以保留源数据的最高分辨率。

参考文献：
1. 加州鱼类与野生动物局（California Department of Fish and Game），2008年，《加州海洋生物保护法》海洋保护区总体规划——修订草案：加州鱼类与野生动物局，2011年4月5日访问，http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/masterplan.asp。
2. Cochrane, G.R.，2008年，用于海底生境制图的声呐数据视频监督分类，收录于Reynolds, J.R.与Greene, H.G.主编的《阿拉斯加海洋生境制图技术》：费尔班克斯，阿拉斯加大学阿拉斯加海洋资助学院项目，第185-194页，2011年4月5日访问，http://doc.nprb.org/web/research/research%20pubs/615_habitat_mapping_workshop/Individual%20Chapters%20High-Res/Ch13%20Cochrane.pdf。
3. Sappington, J.M.、Longshore, K.M.与Thompson, D.B.，2007年，动物生境分析中的景观崎岖度量化——以莫哈韦沙漠大角羊为例：《野生动物管理杂志》，第71卷，第1419-1426页。