Replication Data for: “‘They Say We’re Violent’: The Multidimensionality of Race in Perceptions of Police Brutality and BLM”

A growing literature demonstrates the importance of both race and skin color in one’s lived experiences, including interactions with police. Media discourse and anti-police brutality movements consistently emphasize race while little, if any, attention is given to skin color. This paper seeks to examine how Black Americans navigate the multidimensionality of race with respect to organizing efforts against institutionalized racism. Do Black Americans perceive skin color as informing police interactions and/or support incorporating skin color into anti-brutality movement messaging? Is self-identified skin color associated with these views? A combination of 67 in-depth interviews and two national surveys of Black Americans reveals widespread recognition that darker-skinned Black people are more likely to be brutalized by police and feelings that BLM organizing is implicitly associated with skin color. Yet, there is general hesitancy for movement messaging to explicitly engage with subgroup disparities based on characteristics like skin color or gender. Among self-identified darker-skinned individuals, skin color is perceived as even more tightly interwoven with policing and there is more openness to discussing skin color alongside race. Overall, this mixed-methods project highlights how Black Americans perceive the multidimensionality of racialized interactions and, in search of justice, strategize responses through social movement organizing.

越来越多的学术研究表明，种族与肤色在个体的生活经历（包括与警方的执法互动）中均发挥着重要作用。媒体舆论与反警察暴力运动始终将种族作为核心议题，但几乎未对肤色维度予以关注。本研究旨在探讨美国黑人在对抗制度性种族主义的社会运动组织工作中，如何应对种族问题的多维属性。具体而言，本研究试图解答两个问题：美国黑人是否认为肤色会影响警方执法互动？是否支持将肤色纳入反警察暴力运动的宣传话语中？个体自我认定的肤色是否与这些观点存在关联？本研究通过67次深度访谈与两项针对美国黑人的全国性调查发现，受访者普遍认可肤色较深的黑人更易遭受警察暴力，且普遍感知到"黑人的命也是命"（Black Lives Matter, BLM）运动的组织工作暗含与肤色的关联。然而，多数受访者对于运动宣传话语中明确提及基于肤色或性别等特征的群体间差异持犹豫态度。在自我认定肤色较深的受访者中，他们认为肤色与警务执法的关联更为紧密，且更愿意将肤色与种族一并讨论。总体而言，这项混合方法研究揭示了美国黑人如何认知种族化互动的多维属性，并在追求正义的过程中，通过社会运动组织工作制定应对策略。