Influence of different breathing patterns on front crawl kinematics

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different breathing patterns on the kinematics of front crawl. Eleven college swimmers (10 men and one woman) performed seven 25-m front crawl trials at maximum intensity, with 2-min intervals between trials. One trial was performed in the breath-holding condition and six trials were performed using variable breathing frequencies (every two, four and six strokes) and sides (preferred and opposite side). Twenty-five meter time (T25) and average stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and swimming velocity (SV) were obtained by video analysis and compared between conditions. The results showed that breathing side had no effect on T25, SR, SL, or SV. The breathing frequency was unable to change SV, but T25 and SR were higher for the two-stroke breathing pattern. Stroke length was greater when the swimmer breathed every two strokes compared to six strokes. The breath-holding condition produced lower T25 values and higher SV and SR compared to the other breathing patterns. In conclusion, the breathing side does not seem to interfere with the kinematic variables and breath-holding resulted in shorter swim times.

本研究旨在探究不同呼吸模式对爬泳（front crawl）运动学特征的影响。11名高校游泳运动员（10名男性、1名女性）以最大强度完成7组25米爬泳测试，组间设置2分钟休息间隔。其中1组采用屏息状态完成测试，剩余6组分别采用不同呼吸频率（每划2次、4次、6次换气）与换气侧（惯用侧与非惯用侧）进行测试。本研究通过视频分析获取25米用时（Twenty-five meter time, T25）、平均划频（stroke rate, SR）、划距（stroke length, SL）与游进速度（swimming velocity, SV），并对不同测试条件下的参数进行对比分析。结果显示，换气侧对25米用时、划频、划距及游进速度均无显著影响。呼吸频率对游进速度无显著影响，但采用每2次划水换气模式时，25米用时与划频均更高。每2次划水换气时的划距显著大于每6次划水换气时。与其余呼吸模式相比，屏息状态下的25米用时更短，游进速度与划频更高。综上，换气侧似乎不会对爬泳运动学参数产生干扰，且屏息状态可缩短游进用时。