North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset (2015-2020); 10 Kilometer Resolution.

These data are a spatially explicit representation of monthly shipping intensity in the Pacific Arctic region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. We calculated shipping intensity based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, a type of Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitter required by the International Maritime Organization on all ships over 300 gross tonnes on an international voyage, all cargo ships over 500 gross tonnes, and all passenger ships. We used AIS data received by the exactEarth satellite constellation (64 satellites as of 2020), ensuring spatial coverage regardless of national jurisdiction or remoteness. Our analytical approach converted raw AIS input into monthly raster datasets, separated by vessel type. We first filtered raw AIS messages to remove spurious records and GPS errors, then joined remaining vessel positional records with static messages including descriptive attributes. We further categorized these messages into one of four general ship types (cargo; tanker; fishing; and other). To develop the raster dataset, we created a series of spatially explicit daily vessel tracks according to unique voyages and aggregated tracks by ship type and month. We then created a 10-km raster grid and calculated the total length, in meters, of all vessel tracks within each raster cell. These monthly datasets provide a critical snapshot of dynamic commercial and natural systems in the Pacific Arctic region. Recent declines in sea ice have lengthened the duration of the shipping season and have expanded the spatial coverage of large vessel routes, from the Aleutian Islands through the Bering Strait and into the southern Chukchi Sea. As vessel traffic has increased, so has exposure to the myriad environmental risks posed by large ships, including oil spills, underwater noise pollution, large cetacean ship-strikes, and discharges of pollutants. This dataset provides scientific researchers, local community members, mariners, and decision-makers with a quantitative means to evaluate the distribution and intensity of shipping across space and through time. In addition to these 10-km raster data, we also produced data products in 25-km raster format as well as a 1-km coastal data subset and a hex data set which contains additional attributes (e.g., number of ships, ship speed). To find these products, search for “North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset” in the Arctic Data Center’s data repository.

本数据集为2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间北太平洋北极区域的月度船舶航行强度空间显性表征结果。本数据集的船舶航行强度基于自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System, AIS）数据计算得到。国际海事组织（International Maritime Organization, IMO）规定，国际航行的总吨位300吨以上船舶、总吨位500吨以上货船及所有客船均需搭载AIS设备，该设备属于全球定位系统（Global Positioning System, GPS）发射装置的一类。本研究使用exactEarth卫星星座（截至2020年共64颗卫星）接收的AIS数据，可确保不受国家管辖范围或偏远程度限制的空间覆盖范围。本研究的分析流程将原始AIS输入数据转换为按船舶类型分类的月度栅格数据集。研究首先对原始AIS报文进行过滤，剔除虚假记录与GPS定位误差，随后将保留的船舶位置记录与包含描述性属性的静态报文进行关联匹配。进一步将关联后的报文划分为四大类通用船舶类型：货船、油轮、渔船及其他船舶。为生成栅格数据集，本研究依据单次独立航行构建一系列空间显性的每日船舶航迹，并按船舶类型与月度对航迹进行聚合。随后构建10公里分辨率的栅格网格，并计算每个栅格单元内所有船舶航迹的总长度（单位：米）。该月度数据集可精准刻画北太平洋北极区域动态商业与自然系统的关键时空快照。近年来海冰消退延长了船舶通航季时长，并扩大了大型船舶航线的空间覆盖范围，航线从阿留申群岛经白令海峡延伸至楚科奇海南部区域。随着船舶交通量增长，大型船舶带来的各类环境风险暴露水平也随之上升，包括溢油事故、水下噪声污染、大型鲸类船舶碰撞事故以及污染物排放等。本数据集可为科研人员、当地社区居民、航海人员及决策者提供量化手段，以评估船舶航行在不同空间与时间维度上的分布与强度。除上述10公里分辨率栅格数据外，本研究还生成了25公里分辨率栅格格式的数据产品，以及1公里分辨率的沿海数据子集和包含额外属性（如船舶数量、航速）的六边形格网数据集。若需获取此类数据产品，可在北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）的数据仓库中检索"North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset"。