Suppl.Data3_16S.Root.txt from Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes

Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes (<i>Dactylellina</i> (Orbiliales), <i>Rhizophydium</i> (Rhizophydiales), <i>Clonostachys</i> (Hypocreales), <i>Pochonia</i> (Hypocreales) and <i>Purpureocillium</i> (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.

胞囊线虫与根结线虫是农业生态系统（agroecosystem）管理中的主要风险因子，常对作物生产造成毁灭性影响。利用寄生或捕食线虫的微生物防控植物病原线虫（phytopathogenic nematode）种群，已被视为极具潜力的防治手段。然而，此类生防制剂（biological control agents）的防控效果与持效性往往因区域、土壤特性及农事操作的差异而显著不同：若要开发出可重复的线虫种群防控方案，需对微生物群落过程开展更为深入的研究。本研究通过对细菌与真菌进行高通量测序（high-throughput sequencing）分析，探究了日本某大豆田内健康植株与线虫侵染植株的根际（rhizosphere）及土壤微生物组（microbiome）之间的差异。结果显示，多个分类学类群的细菌与真菌在被根结线虫侵染的大豆植株，或未受线虫侵染的大豆植株上呈现出显著的偏好性富集。基于潜在微生物互作关联的网络分析，本研究进一步发现，若干具有潜在线虫捕食功能的真菌类群——包括*Dactylellina*（丛梗孢目Orbiliales）、*Rhizophydium*（根生壶菌目Rhizophydiales）、*Clonostachys*（肉座菌目Hypocreales）、*Pochonia*（肉座菌目Hypocreales）以及*Purpureocillium*（肉座菌目Hypocreales）——在小空间尺度下的大豆根际中共存。本研究揭示了抗线虫微生物联合体如何从土著（常驻）微生物组中衍生而来，为农业生态系统中抗线虫微生物群落的管理提供了基础理论支撑。