Parkes observations for project P1168 semester 2023APRS_01

We discovered seven pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 1 with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), the first pulsars to be found in this cluster. The discoveries include five fully-recycled millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with spin periods between 3 and 6 ms, an 11-ms MSP, and a pulsar with an unusually long spin period of 134 ms. Our preliminary timing suggested that all seven are likely isolated pulsars, consistent with Terzan 1 being a core-collapsed globular cluster. The 134-ms pulsar is an especially interesting discovery in the context of pulsar formation via electron-capture rather than core-collapse supernovae. We observed Terzan 1 at Parkes with the UWL receiver in 2022OCT to test whether the pulsars could be detected and thus timed at Parkes. All seven pulsars are significantly detected in both observations. We propose a year-long timing campaign with Parkes/UWL to obtain phase-connected timing solutions for these pulsars; we request continuing status to continue these timing observations through 2023OCT. To refine the timing parameters and probe the pulsars' acceleration in the cluster potential, we will extend phase connection beyond one year using the 2022OCT observations, and we will attempt to phase connect back to the original GBT discovery pointings. In addition to timing, we will probe the pulsars' polarization properties and the Galactic magnetic field in the direction of Terzan 1; and the proposed observations will also be searched for new pulsars that may have been missed in previous observations.

我们利用绿岸望远镜（Green Bank Telescope, GBT）在球状星团Terzan 1中发现了7颗脉冲星，这是该星团中首次被发现的脉冲星。此次发现的脉冲星包括5颗完全再循环的毫秒脉冲星（millisecond pulsars, MSPs），其自转周期介于3 ms至6 ms之间、1颗自转周期为11 ms的毫秒脉冲星，以及1颗自转周期异常长达134 ms的脉冲星。我们的初步计时分析显示，这7颗脉冲星均大概率为孤立脉冲星，这与Terzan 1作为核塌缩球状星团的特性相符。其中134 ms脉冲星的发现尤为引人关注，其形成机制或符合电子俘获而非核塌缩超新星的脉冲星形成模型。2022年10月，我们利用UWL接收机在帕克斯望远镜（Parkes）对Terzan 1进行了观测，以验证能否在帕克斯望远镜上探测到这些脉冲星并开展计时研究。两次观测均显著探测到了全部7颗脉冲星。我们提议开展为期一年的帕克斯/UWL计时观测项目，以获取这些脉冲星的相位连接计时解；同时申请延续观测状态，将计时观测持续至2023年10月。为优化计时参数并探究脉冲星在星团势场中的加速度，我们将结合2022年10月的观测数据将相位连接时长延长至一年以上，并尝试回溯至最初的绿岸望远镜发现观测时段完成相位连接。除计时研究外，我们还将探测这些脉冲星的偏振特性以及Terzan 1方向的银河磁场；此外，我们还将在本次提议的观测数据中搜寻此前观测中可能遗漏的新脉冲星。