Study descriptions (n = 82 articles).

Globally, transgender and other gender diverse (trans) people experience widespread prejudice, discrimination, violence, and other forms of stigma, which contribute to negative health outcomes. Most anti-trans stigma research has been conducted in high-income countries. Measurement of anti-trans stigma in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is important for understanding and improving the health of trans populations globally. Accordingly, this scoping review explores the use of quantitative anti-trans stigma measures in LMICs. This scoping review follows the guidance of the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist and examines empirical research with trans populations in LMICs published in English, Spanish, Arabic, and Russian between 2001–2024. Study eligibility criteria included: 1) trans study population, 2) LMIC study location, 3) quantitative or mixed-method study design, and 4) quantitative measurement of anti-trans stigma. The search yielded 82 articles (representing 65 unique studies) from 34 LMICs. Most articles were published since 2018. No articles focused exclusively on trans men. About 62% of articles included a primary focus on stigma; health outcomes primarily examined HIV and mental health. Nearly all articles (95%) measured enacted stigma; other forms of stigma (e.g., internalized and anticipated) were less commonly measured, and structural stigma was only measured in 4 articles. More than half of the articles (55%) measured stigma both broadly and within specific contexts (e.g., from family, in health care). More research exploring anti-trans stigma is needed, especially with trans-masculine and other gender diverse people, measuring outcomes beyond HIV and mental health, and measuring forms of stigma beyond enacted stigma. Expanding and improving measurement of anti-trans stigma in LMICs can improve our understanding of the mechanisms shaping health equity to inform context specific and tailored health interventions to support trans communities worldwide.全球范围内，跨性别者（transgender）与其他性别多元（gender diverse）群体普遍遭受偏见、歧视、暴力及其他形式的污名化，此类问题会导致不良健康结局。现有针对反跨性别污名的研究大多开展于高收入国家。在低收入和中等收入国家（low- and middle-income countries, LMICs）中开展反跨性别污名的测量研究，对全球范围内了解并改善跨性别群体的健康状况具有重要意义。据此，本范围综述旨在探讨低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）中反跨性别污名量化测量工具的应用现状。本范围综述遵循《范围综述优先报告条目扩展版（PRISMA-ScR）》清单的规范，对2001年至2024年间以英语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语及俄语发表的、针对低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）跨性别群体的实证研究进行了系统梳理。本研究的纳入标准如下：1）研究对象为跨性别群体；2）研究开展于低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）；3）采用量化或混合研究方法的研究设计；4）对反跨性别污名开展量化测量。本次文献检索共纳入来自34个低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的82篇文献，涵盖65项独立研究。其中绝大多数文献发表于2018年之后。尚无仅针对跨性别男性的研究成果。约62%的文献以污名为核心研究主题；所考察的健康结局主要为艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染与心理健康状况。近95%的文献对外显污名（enacted stigma）进行了测量；其他类型的污名（如内化污名（internalized stigma）、预期污名（anticipated stigma））则较少被纳入测量范畴，而结构污名（structural stigma）仅在4篇文献中得到了测量。超过半数（55%）的文献既对污名进行了宽泛层面的测量，也针对特定场景（如来自家庭的污名、医疗保健场景中的污名）开展了针对性测量。未来仍需开展更多针对反跨性别污名的研究，尤其是针对跨性别男性及其他性别多元群体的研究；需考察艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染与心理健康之外的健康结局，并对除外显污名之外的其他类型污名进行测量。在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）中拓展并优化反跨性别污名的测量工作，有助于我们加深对健康公平形成机制的理解，从而为制定适配特定场景的个性化健康干预措施提供科学依据，以支持全球各地的跨性别群体。