Multiorgan Proteomics Reveals Metabolic Synergism of Dietary Chlorella vulgaris and Enterococcus lactis SF68 in Weaning Piglets

Chlorella vulgaris microalgae is an alternative feedstuff with an interesting nutritional profile, which may be beneficial when combined with probiotics. C. vulgaris and Enterococcus lactis SF68 dietary inclusion was studied on weaning piglet physiology using proteomics. In a 5-week growth trial, 72 piglets were fed a cereal/soybean meal-based diet (Control); Control plus 5% C. vulgaris (CV5); or CV5 plus probiotic (CV5P). Proteomics of liver, ileum, and longissimus lumborum was performed by LC-MS/MS. The probiotic effect led to the most differentially abundant proteins, and C. vulgaris was the lowest by comparison to controls. The combined diet led to synergistic effects. Liver immunity, lipid mobilization attenuation, and maintained protein catabolism may foster muscle development. Lower intestinal ketone oxidation suggests an improved nutritional state, along with immune priming against bacterial infection. Altered muscle metabolism (mitochondrial respiration, connective tissue, and lipid composition) suggests improved meat tenderness and nutritional value.普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）是一种具备优异营养特性的替代饲料原料，与益生菌复配使用时或可发挥积极功效。本研究针对日粮中添加普通小球藻与乳酸肠球菌（Enterococcus lactis）SF68对断奶仔猪生理状态的影响，采用蛋白质组学技术开展探究。在为期5周的生长试验中，72头断奶仔猪被分为三组：仅饲喂谷物-豆粕型基础日粮的对照组（Control）、基础日粮添加5%普通小球藻的CV5组，以及基础日粮添加5%普通小球藻与益生菌的CV5P组。采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）对仔猪肝脏、回肠以及背最长肌（longissimus lumborum）的蛋白质组进行检测分析。研究结果表明，益生菌添加组的差异丰度蛋白数量最多，普通小球藻添加组相较于对照组差异丰度蛋白数量最少，二者联合添加则展现出协同效应。肝脏层面的调控变化包括免疫功能调节、脂质动员减弱以及蛋白质分解代谢的维持，上述变化或可促进肌肉发育；肠道内酮体氧化水平降低，提示机体营养状态得到改善，同时可增强针对细菌感染的免疫预激活能力。肌肉代谢的改变（涵盖线粒体呼吸功能、结缔组织状态以及脂质组成的变化），或可提升猪肉的嫩度与营养价值。