Coexistence from a lion’s perspective: Movements and habitat selection by African lions (Panthera leo) across a multi-use landscape

Diminishing wild space and population fragmentation are key drivers of large carnivore declines worldwide. Persistence of large carnivores in fragmented landscapes often depends on the ability of individuals to move between separated subpopulations for genetic exchange and recovery from stochastic events. Where separated by anthropogenic landscapes, subpopulations’ connectivity hinges on the area's socio-ecological conditions for coexistence and dispersing individuals' behavioral choices. Using GPS-collars and resource- and step-selection functions, we explored African lion (Panthera leo) habitat selection and movement patterns to better understand lions’ behavioral adaptations in a landscape shared with pastoralists. We conducted our study in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania, a multiuse rangeland, that connects the small, high density lion subpopulation of the Ngorongoro Crater with the extensive Serengeti lion population. Landscape use by pastoralists and their livestock var..., Lion movements
To capture lion movements and use of habitat, we deployed satellite GPS collars (models GPS Plus or Vertex Lite by Vectronic Aerospace (www.vectronic-aerospace.com) on lions of both sexes. Between Oct. 2012- Mar. 2023, we had 22 different individuals collared: eight females (190 months total) and 14 males (252 months total). On average, individual lions were collared 19.9 months (range: 1.7 to 56.4 months) with nine lions being collared for two years or more (S1 Table). The collars had Iridium satellite data transmission (for regular data transfer), VHF-beacon (for real-time manual tracking), remote drop-off function, and were scheduled to take positions every 1-2 hours continuously, day or night. The collar batteries lasted for 2-3.5 years, after which the collar was either removed (using remote drop-off) or replaced. We targeted lions for collaring from adult individuals of either sex from outside the Ngorongoro Crater, in NCA’s multiuse area, from different groups and ..., , # Coexistence from a lion’s perspective: movements and habitat selection by African lions (Panthera leo) across a multi-use landscape

The dataset represents movements of 22 collared lions in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. The data have been processed and prepped for step-selection analysis by using the the amt package (Signer et al., 2019) in Program R to estimate each animal’s movement parameters for step length and turn angle, then sampled from these parameter distributions to generate random available locations (n=50 locations) around each used location. Used and available locations are denoted in the \"case_\" column. The available locations are conditioned on the last step taken by the animal, meaning they are relative to the current location, resulting in a stratified dataset with stratification noted in the \"step_id_\" column.

## Description of the data and file structure

Column Descriptions:

\"case_\": True/False whether the row represents a used step

\"id\": The un...

野生空间缩减与种群片段化是全球大型食肉动物种群衰退的关键驱动因素。在破碎化景观中，大型食肉动物的存续往往依赖个体在分离的亚种群间移动以开展基因交流，并从随机事件中恢复种群。当亚种群被人为景观阻隔时，其连通性取决于区域内共存所需的社会-生态条件，以及扩散个体的行为选择。本研究借助GPS项圈、资源选择函数与步长选择函数，探究了非洲狮（Panthera leo）的生境选择与移动模式，以深入理解其在与牧民共享的景观中的行为适应性。
研究于坦桑尼亚恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区（Ngorongoro Conservation Area, NCA）开展，该区域为多功能牧场，连接了恩戈罗恩戈罗火山口内种群规模小但密度较高的非洲狮亚种群，与分布范围更广的塞伦盖蒂狮种群。牧民及其牲畜的景观利用模式各异，狮子移动行为……

为记录狮子的移动与生境利用情况，我们为雌雄非洲狮佩戴了卫星GPS项圈（型号为Vectronic Aerospace公司生产的GPS Plus或Vertex Lite，官网：www.vectronic-aerospace.com）。2012年10月至2023年3月期间，我们共为22头不同个体佩戴了项圈：8头雌性（总监测时长190个月）与14头雄性（总监测时长252个月）。单头狮子的项圈佩戴时长平均为19.9个月（范围：1.7至56.4个月），其中9头狮子的佩戴时长达到2年及以上（详见附表S1）。项圈搭载铱星卫星数据传输模块（用于常规数据传输）、甚高频（VHF）信标（用于实时人工追踪）与远程脱落功能，并设定为昼夜连续每1-2小时获取一次位置数据。项圈电池续航为2-3.5年，续航结束后可通过远程脱落功能取下或更换项圈。我们的项圈佩戴目标为恩戈罗恩戈罗火山口外NCA多功能牧场区域内不同种群群的成年雌雄个体……

# 基于狮子视角的共存：非洲狮（Panthera leo）在多功能景观中的移动与生境选择

本数据集记录了坦桑尼亚恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区内22头佩戴项圈的非洲狮的移动数据。数据已完成预处理，可直接用于步长选择分析：我们借助R语言程序中的amt包（Signer等，2019）估算每头动物的步长与转向角移动参数，随后从这些参数分布中采样，为每个实际使用的位置生成50个随机可用位置。实际使用位置与可用位置通过"case_"列进行区分。可用位置以动物上一步移动的位置为条件，即相对于当前位置生成，最终形成分层数据集，分层信息记录于"step_id_"列。

## 数据与文件结构说明
### 列字段说明：
"case_": 布尔值，用于标记该行是否代表一次实际使用的移动步长；"id": 唯一标识符（原文未完整展示）