Relationships between breakfast consumption and metabolic syndrome in working age population in Kanchanaburi province

This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the relationship between breakfast consumption and metabolic syndrome in working age population in Kanchanaburi Province. There were 373 participants (163 males and 210 females). The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The data were collected from blood biochemical test, blood pressure measurement, waist circumference measurement, and questionnaires for evaluating the relationship between breakfast consumption and metabolic syndrome by multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP ATP III and IDF were 28.4 and 22.5% respectively. The analysis of the relationship between risk factors and metabolic syndrome showed that the factors which were significantly associated with increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome included female (OR = 3.36, p = 0.036), age of 50-59 years (OR = 5.69, p = 0.027), physical inactivity (OR = 2.98, p = 0.024), obesity (OR = 12.89, p < 0.001 ), consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage more than three days per week (OR = 1.92, p = 0.039), intake of low-fat milk three days or less per week (OR = 2.35, p = 0.009), and skipping breakfast (OR = 7.82, p < 0.001). In addition, the study found that the individuals who did not eat breakfast had more risks of large waist circumference (OR = 2.58, p < 0.05), high blood triglyceride level (OR = 3.43, p < 0.001), and high blood glucose level (OR = 2.66, p < 0.05) but low blood HDL-cholesterol level (OR = 4.24, p < 0.001) than those who ate breakfast daily. This study illustrated that the dietary pattern, especially breakfast consumption, was an important factor that influenced the development of metabolic syndrome in working age population. Therefore, some dietary patterns should be modified, including an increase in frequency of consumption of breakfast and low-fat milk and a decrease in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.

本横断面描述性研究旨在探究甘烹碧府（Kanchanaburi Province）劳动年龄人群的代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome）患病率，以及早餐摄入与代谢综合征之间的关联。本研究共纳入373名受试者，其中男性163名，女性210名。代谢综合征的诊断标准采用美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第三次指南（National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, NCEP ATP III）以及国际糖尿病联盟（International Diabetes Federation, IDF）制定的标准。研究数据通过血液生化检测、血压测量、腰围测量以及问卷调查获取，并采用多因素logistic回归分析探究早餐摄入与代谢综合征的关联。结果显示，采用NCEP ATP III与IDF标准诊断的代谢综合征患病率分别为28.4%与22.5%。危险因素与代谢综合征的关联分析显示，与代谢综合征发病风险升高显著相关的因素包括：女性（比值比Odds Ratio, OR=3.36，P=0.036）、年龄50~59岁（OR=5.69，P=0.027）、缺乏体力活动（OR=2.98，P=0.024）、肥胖（OR=12.89，P<0.001）、每周饮用含糖饮料超过3天（OR=1.92，P=0.039）、每周摄入低脂牛奶≤3天（OR=2.35，P=0.009）以及不吃早餐（OR=7.82，P<0.001）。此外，本研究发现，与每日进食早餐的人群相比，不吃早餐者出现腰围超标（OR=2.58，P<0.05）、高甘油三酯血症（OR=3.43，P<0.001）、高血糖（OR=2.66，P<0.05）以及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-cholesterol）血症（OR=4.24，P<0.001）的风险更高。本研究证实，饮食模式尤其是早餐摄入情况，是影响劳动年龄人群代谢综合征发生的重要因素。因此，应调整部分饮食模式，包括增加早餐与低脂牛奶的摄入频率、减少含糖饮料的摄入，以降低代谢综合征的发病风险。