Productive and qualitative parameters of four Physalis species cultivated under colored shade nets

Abstract The genus Physalis L. has great importance in the framework of Brazilian biodiversity especially in the Amazon region. The use of colored shading nets allow manipulating the light spectrum, and thus supplying the appropriate quantity and quality of light for each species and maximizing production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shade nets on fruit production and qualitative parameters of four species belonging to genus Physalis. The experimental design was random blocks with a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, four species of Physalis (P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four colors of shade nets (white, blue, red and black), besides the control treatment under full sun exposure. Fruits were collected weekly and evaluated for longitudinal and transversal diameter and biomass with and without a calyx. Finally the percentage of calyx biomass compared to the total fruit biomass, number of fruits per plant and production were determined. A differentiated response was found among the species regarding the coloring of the converter shade nets. Plants of P. peruviana had the best productive and qualitative parameters of fruits when cultivated in full sunlight or under white shade nets, P. pubescens and P. minima when cultivated in full sunlight or under white and blue shade nets, and P. ixocarpa under red or black shade nets.摘要 酸浆属（Physalis L.）在巴西生物多样性框架中具有重要价值，尤其在亚马逊地区。有色遮阳网可调控光照光谱，从而为各物种提供适宜的光照量与光照质量，最大化生产效益。本研究旨在评估遮阳网对4种酸浆属植物果实产量及品质参数的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，设置4×5因子组合：4种酸浆属植物（秘鲁酸浆P. peruviana、柔毛酸浆P. pubescens、小酸浆P. minima以及粘果酸浆P. ixocarpa）与5种遮光处理（白色、蓝色、红色、黑色有色遮阳网，外加全光照对照）。每周采集果实，测定其纵径、横径以及带宿存花萼和不带宿存花萼的果实生物量；最终测定宿存花萼生物量占果实总生物量的比例、单株结果数及总产量。结果显示，不同酸浆属物种对遮阳网颜色呈现出差异化响应：秘鲁酸浆在全光照或白色遮阳网下栽培时，果实的产量与品质参数表现最优；柔毛酸浆与小酸浆在全光照、白色及蓝色遮阳网下栽培时效果最佳；粘果酸浆则在红色或黑色遮阳网下栽培表现最优。