TEACHING READING: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES, THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS, AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This systematic literature review analyzes thirty years of empirical research on reading instruction. The study aims to systematize core theoretical approaches, effective teaching methods, assessment strategies, and support techniques for struggling readers, while generating practical recommendations. Key findings include: Systematic phonics instruction holds the strongest empirical foundation for early reading development; 1. A balanced literacy approach is most effective when it meaningfully integrates phonics with content-rich reading; 2. A multi-tiered assessment system (Response to Intervention, RTI) is essential for the timely identification of struggling readers; 3. Digital reading environments introduce new pedagogical challenges. 4. Based on these results, recommendations are offered for teacher preparation, curriculum reform, and future research.本系统文献综述对近三十年来的阅读教学实证研究展开系统性梳理与分析。本研究旨在系统梳理针对阅读困难学习者的核心理论范式、高效教学方法、评估策略及支持技术，并据此提出兼具实操性的建议。核心研究结果如下： 系统性自然拼读教学是支撑早期阅读能力发展的实证基础最为坚实的教学路径； 1. 平衡读写教学法唯有将自然拼读与内容丰富的阅读材料进行有机融合，方能发挥最优教学效果； 2. 多层级评估体系（Response to Intervention，简称RTI）是及时甄别阅读困难学习者的必要手段； 3. 数字化阅读环境带来了全新的教学挑战； 4. 基于上述研究结果，本研究针对教师培训、课程改革及未来研究方向提出了相关建议。