ISLAM AND THE SPIRIT OF TOLERANCE IN BUKHARA IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

This article examines the phenomenon of religious tolerance in Bukhara during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author analyzes how Islamic legal norms and the cultural traditions of the Emirate created conditions for the peaceful coexistence of the Muslim majority and religious minorities, including Bukharan Jews, Christians, and Hindus. Particular attention is devoted to the activities of the Jadids, who in the early twentieth century transformed the traditional idea of tolerance into a concept of civic enlightenment and intercultural dialogue.本文考察了19世纪至20世纪初布哈拉地区的宗教宽容现象。作者剖析了布哈拉埃米尔国的伊斯兰法律规范与文化传统，如何为穆斯林多数群体与布哈拉犹太人、基督徒、印度教徒等宗教少数群体的和平共处创造了条件。本文特别聚焦杰迪德派（Jadids）的相关活动：该群体于20世纪初将传统的宽容理念重塑为公民启蒙与跨文化对话的核心概念。