Table_1_Assessing Physiological and Genetic Evidence for Evolution of Shared Weedy Rice Traits at the Vegetative Growth Stage.XLSX

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) has successfully adapted to invasion of cultivated rice (O. sativa L.) fields by being a strong competitor from the early vegetative growth stages to crop harvest. While seed shattering and seed dormancy have been shown to contribute to competitiveness at the reproductive stage, much less is known about the traits that could contribute to weedy rice adaptation at the vegetative stage. We examined several growth and physiological traits in five different weedy rice lineages with different ancestral origins, and found that no single vegetative phenotype characterizes all weedy rice. Divergence in growth and physiological traits between weedy rice groups and their putative cultivated ancestors has been limited, suggesting that altered vegetative traits have not been a common path to weed adaptation. There is a lack of convergence in patterns of gene expression in two independent weedy rice lineages, suggesting that there are few shared genetic mechanisms in the evolution of vegetative traits. We conclude that it must not be assumed that all weedy rice groups necessarily have altered vegetative growth or physiological mechanisms compared to their ancestors, that facilitate their invasion of crop fields.

杂草稻（Weedy rice, Oryza spp.）已成功适应入侵栽培稻（cultivated rice, O. sativa L.）田，其从营养生长早期直至作物收获期均展现出强劲的竞争能力。已有研究证实，落粒性与种子休眠可提升其在生殖阶段的竞争力，但学界对杂草稻在营养生长阶段适应农田环境的相关性状的认知仍较为匮乏。本研究针对5个具有不同祖先起源的杂草稻谱系，开展了多项生长与生理性状分析，结果表明不存在单一营养表型可表征所有杂草稻类群。杂草稻类群与其推测的栽培祖先之间在生长与生理性状上的分化程度有限，这意味着性状改变的营养生长路径并非杂草稻适应农田的普遍演化途径。两个独立杂草稻谱系的基因表达模式未呈现趋同性，这暗示其营养性状演化过程中共享的遗传机制较为稀缺。本研究得出结论：切不可假定所有杂草稻类群相较于其祖先均拥有可促进其入侵农田的营养生长或生理机制改变。