574_dataset of Oreocharis_20240614

A peltate-leaved new species,<i> Oreocharis scutifolia </i>Z. Xie, Miao Zhang &amp; H. H. Kong, endemic to the Dry and Hot Valley of the Jinsha River Basin, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. It is similar to <i>O. cordatula</i> (Craib) Pellegr. and <i>O. aurantiaca</i> Baill. in floral characters, but differs in its peltate leaf blades, which are unique in the genus (and only occur in one population of <i>O. henryana </i>Oliv., but its flowers are smaller, campanulate and deep purple). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on transcriptome data also supported <i>O. scutifolia</i> as a new species, while it forms a sister group with <i>O. henryana</i>, <i>O. cordatula</i>, <i>O. minor</i> Pellegr. and <i>O. aurantiaca</i> Baill. (LPP = 1). Due to its small population, narrow distribution range, and the serious threat from human activities, invasive plants and damaged habitat, the new species is assessed as "Critically Endangered" following the IUCN categories and criteria.

本文描述并图示了一种具盾状叶片的新物种——盾叶马铃苣苔（*Oreocharis scutifolia* Z. Xie, Miao Zhang & H. H. Kong），该种为中国云南金沙江干热河谷特有种。该种在花部特征上与*O. cordatula* (Craib) Pellegr.及*O. aurantiaca* Baill.较为相近，但其盾状叶片为属内独特性状——该性状仅见于*O. henryana* Oliv.的一个种群，不过后者花朵更小、呈钟状且为深紫色。基于转录组数据的分子系统发育分析进一步支持*O. scutifolia*为一新种，该种与*O. henryana*、*O. cordatula*、*O. minor* Pellegr.及*O. aurantiaca* Baill.构成姊妹群（后验概率值LPP=1）。鉴于该新种种群规模狭小、分布范围狭窄，且受到人类活动、入侵植物及生境破坏的严重威胁，依据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的分类与标准，将其评估为“极危（Critically Endangered）”。