2016 SoE Marine Chapter - State and Trends - Seabirds

The Marine chapter of the 2016 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "The state and trends of quality of species and groups – seabirds". The full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided), is attached to this record. Where available, the Data Stream(s) used to generate this Expert Assessment are accessible through the "On-line Resources" section of this record.----------------------------------------DESCRIPTION OF TAXONOMIC GROUP FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENTThere are presently 57 species of seabirds known to breed in and around Australia and the external territories of Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Island, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea islands. These 57 species are comprised of penguins (1 species), albatrosses (1 species), petrels, shearwaters and storm-petrels (19 species), boobies, tropicbirds, frigatebirds, cormorants and pelican (16 species) and gulls, tern, and noddies (20 species). Another 130 species of seabirds have been recorded in Australia, either as non-breeding or vagrant. Shorebirds are not considered here, nor are issues associated with nesting or onshore breeding colonies as these are assessed under the Coasts chapter. Species breeding on subantarctic islands and the Antarctic continent are assessed under the Antarctic chapter.DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENTThe assessment was based on data and analyses published in the peer reviewed literature and agency reports. Details on the specific data products used in this assessment have not been provided.----------------------------------------2016 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]• 2016 •Assessment grade: GoodAssessment trend: UnclearConfidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensusConfidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensusComparability: Grade and trend are somewhat comparable to the 2011 assessment• 2011 •Assessment grade: GoodAssessment trend: StableConfidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensusConfidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus----------------------------------------CHANGES SINCE 2011 SOE ASSESSMENTUnclear how the 2011 assessment was carried out and on what data. There is very little data on trends in populations available and so the trend cannot be regarded as stable but rather unclear.2016年《环境状况（State of the Environment, SoE）》报告的海洋章节整合了多套基于海洋数据流构建的专家模板。本元数据（metadata）记录针对专家评估报告《物种与类群质量现状及趋势——海鸟类》进行说明。本记录附带有完整的专家评估报告，包含已提供的图表与表格。若可获取，用于生成该专家评估的数据流可通过本记录的「在线资源」板块查阅。 ----------------------------------------专家评估分类类群说明 目前已知在澳大利亚及科科斯（基林）群岛、圣诞岛、豪勋爵岛、诺福克岛、阿什莫尔和卡捷群岛以及珊瑚海群岛等海外领地的范围内及周边海域繁殖的海鸟共有57种。这57种海鸟涵盖：企鹅（1种）、信天翁（1种）、海燕、剪水鹱与风暴海燕（19种）、鲣鸟、热带鸟、军舰鸟、鸬鹚与鹈鹕（16种）以及鸥类、燕鸥与玄燕鸥（20种）。另有130种海鸟曾在澳大利亚境内被记录到，均为非繁殖种群或迷鸟。 本次评估未涉及滨鸟，也未涵盖与筑巢或陆上繁殖种群相关的议题，相关内容已纳入海岸章节进行评估。繁殖于亚南极岛屿及南极大陆的海鸟物种相关评估则归入南极章节。 ----------------------------------------专家评估所用数据流 本次评估基于同行评议文献与机构报告中发布的数据及分析结果。本次评估所用的具体数据产品细节尚未提供。 ----------------------------------------2016年SoE评估摘要【完整详情请参阅所附专家评估报告】 • 2016年 评估等级：良好 评估趋势：不明 置信等级：证据有限或共识不足 置信趋势：证据有限或共识不足 可比性：本次评估等级与趋势与2011年评估具有一定可比性 • 2011年 评估等级：良好 评估趋势：稳定 置信等级：证据有限或共识不足 置信趋势：证据有限或共识不足 ----------------------------------------2011年SoE评估以来的变化 目前尚不明确2011年评估的开展方式及所用数据。现有种群趋势相关数据极少，因此无法认定种群趋势为稳定，仅能判定为不明。