S1 Data -

Brucellosis and Q-fever are two highly contagious bacterial diseases with significant zoonotic potential and economic threats, yet they often remain underreported and neglected in low- and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Q-fever in water buffaloes in the Haryana state of India to implement effective preventive measures for disease control. The study covered all 22 districts of Haryana and involved 400 serum samples collected from female buffaloes belonging to two age groups and three distinct agro-climatic zones. The collected sera were tested using the Rose Bengal Plate agglutination test (RBPT) and commercial indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against smooth strains of Brucella spp. Additionally, the same serum samples were examined by i-ELISA for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was observed as 8.25% (CI: 5.75–11.39) using the RBPT and 7.5% (CI: 5.12–10.53) by i-ELISA. The overall observed seroprevalence of Q-fever was 2.00% (CI: 0.87–3.90). No significant variation was seen in seropositivity of both diseases based on age and agroclimatic zones of the state. The findings of this study provide critical insights to farmers, agricultural organizations, veterinary services, and healthcare providers, facilitating more effective implementation of disease control measures.布鲁氏菌病（Brucellosis）和Q热（Q-fever）是两种传染性极强的细菌性疾病，具备显著的人畜共患潜力并造成经济威胁，但在中低收入国家中往往报告不足且易被忽视。本研究旨在检测印度哈里亚纳邦（Haryana state）水牛体内布鲁氏菌病与Q热的血清阳性率，以制定有效的疾病防控措施。研究覆盖哈里亚纳邦全部22个行政区，采集了来自两个年龄组、三个不同农业气候区的雌性水牛的400份血清样本。研究人员采用虎红平板凝集试验（Rose Bengal Plate agglutination test, RBPT）与商用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（commercial indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, i-ELISA），检测布鲁氏菌（Brucella spp.）光滑菌株的相关抗体。此外，还通过i-ELISA对所有血清样本进行了伯氏考克斯体（Coxiella burnetii）抗体检测。经RBPT检测，布鲁氏菌病总体血清阳性率为8.25%（置信区间CI：5.75–11.39）；经i-ELISA检测则为7.5%（CI：5.12–10.53）。Q热的总体血清阳性率为2.00%（CI：0.87–3.90）。两种疾病的血清阳性率均未因该邦的年龄分组与农业气候区呈现显著差异。本研究结果可为养殖户、农业机构、兽医服务部门与医疗保健提供者提供关键参考，助力更高效地落实疾病防控措施。