Acute Effects of Three Neuromuscular Warm-Up Strategies on Several Physical Performance Measures in Football Players

No studies have analysed the acute effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programmes on major physical performance measures. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute (post-exercise) effects of the FIFA 11+, Harmoknee and dynamic warm-up routines on several physical performance measures in amateur football players. A randomized, crossover and counterbalanced study design was used to address the purpose of this study. A total of sixteen amateur football players completed the following protocols in a randomized order on separate days: a) FIFA 11+; b) Harmoknee; and c) dynamic warm-up (DWU). In each experimental session, 19 physical performance measures (joint range of motion, hamstring to quadriceps [H/Q] strength ratios, dynamic postural control, 10 and 20 m sprint times, jump height and reactive strength index) were assessed. Measures were compared via a magnitude-based inference analysis. The results of this study showed no main effects between paired comparisons (FIFA 11+ vs. DWU, Harmoknee vs. DWU and Harmoknee vs. FIFA 11+) for joint range of motions, dynamic postural control, H/Q ratios, jumping height and reactive strength index measures. However, significant main effects (likely effects with a probability of >75–99%) were found for 10 (1.7%) and 20 (2.4%) m sprint times, demonstrating that both the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee resulted in slower sprint times in comparison with the DWU. Therefore, neither the FIFA 11+ nor the Harmoknee routines appear to be preferable to dynamic warm-up routines currently performed by most football players prior to training sessions and matches.

目前尚无研究分析FIFA 11+与Harmoknee热身方案对核心身体运动表现指标的急性影响。本研究旨在探究FIFA 11+、Harmoknee与动态热身（dynamic warm-up, DWU）方案对业余足球运动员多项身体运动表现指标的急性（运动后）影响。本研究采用随机、交叉平衡的实验设计以达成研究目标。共计16名业余足球运动员在不同日期以随机顺序完成以下三种实验方案：a) FIFA 11+；b) Harmoknee；c) 动态热身（dynamic warm-up, DWU）。在每一次实验环节中，研究者均对19项身体运动表现指标进行评估，包括关节活动度、腘绳肌与股四头肌（H/Q）力量比、动态姿势控制能力、10米及20米冲刺时间、跳跃高度与反应力量指数。采用基于效应量的推断分析方法对各项指标进行比较。本研究结果显示，在配对比较（FIFA 11+ vs 动态热身、Harmoknee vs 动态热身以及Harmoknee vs FIFA 11+）中，关节活动度、动态姿势控制能力、H/Q力量比、跳跃高度与反应力量指数均无显著主效应。但10米（1.7%）与20米（2.4%）冲刺时间呈现出显著主效应（效应发生概率>75%~99%），结果表明相较于动态热身方案，FIFA 11+与Harmoknee热身均会导致冲刺速度变慢。因此，相较于当前大多数足球运动员在训练与赛事前采用的动态热身方案，FIFA 11+与Harmoknee热身方案均未展现出更优性。