Benzene: reflections on public health, environmental presence and biological indicators used for the determination of exposure

The indiscriminate use of an increasing number of chemicals is growing and associated environmental contamination has brought serious consequences for the public health system due to rising damage to human health. One of the substances that have attracted great interest due to contemporary contamination is benzene, aromatic compound classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as a carcinogen known. The aim of this study was develop and discuss an overview of the contamination by benzene, its metabolism, health endings and their environmental and biological determination based on literature data existing. The survey provided access to more than 200 scientific papers, both nationally and internationally, demonstrating the relevance of the topic and the need to minimize human exposure to this substance. The majority is concerned with exploring the metabolism and investigates indicators of exposure, many already widely studied and with serious limitations. However, a growing number of researchers are committed to elucidate factors related to interference susceptibility and exposure on protein and genetic material. Indicators of innovative exhibition has been proposed with the aim of complementing gaps of information previously obtained, contributing to the design of the structure of the organ biology systems upon exposure to benzene.

日益增多的化学品被无差别滥用，由此引发的环境污染正随着对人体健康的损害加剧，给公共卫生体系带来了严峻后果。在当前环境污染问题中受到广泛关注的一类物质为苯，这种芳香族化合物已被国际癌症研究机构（International Agency for Research on Cancer）归类为已知致癌物。本研究旨在基于现有文献数据，系统梳理苯污染的研究概况，涵盖其代谢过程、健康危害结局，以及环境污染与生物检测方法。本次调研检索了国内外200余篇学术论文，结果凸显了该主题的研究价值，以及降低人类接触该物质的必要性。现有研究大多聚焦于苯的代谢过程探究以及暴露生物标志物的开发，其中不少标志物虽已被广泛研究，但仍存在显著局限性。然而，越来越多的研究者正致力于阐释与苯暴露相关的机体易感性影响因素，以及该物质对蛋白质与遗传物质的作用机制。新型暴露标志物已被提出，旨在弥补现有研究的信息空白，为阐明苯暴露下机体器官生物学系统的结构变化提供支撑。