S1 Dataset -

Squamous papillomas (SPs) of the head and neck are usually benign lesions associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. However, the reported HPV detection rates vary widely, especially with respect to anatomical distribution. The etiology of SPs in the head and neck remains unclear; analyzing HPV genotypes of SPs based on anatomical sites could assist in clarifying the pathogenesis of SPs in the head and neck. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the prevalence, subtypes, and anatomical distribution of HPV in head and neck SPs at a hospital in China; we also investigated whether p16, a marker of HPV infection in oropharyngeal carcinoma, could serve as a surrogate marker for HPV in head and neck SPs. The presence of HPV DNA of 23 types (5 low-risk HPV and 18 high-risk HPV types) was detected via real-time PCR. p16 immunohistochemistry was performed using SP sections. Age, sex, anatomical location, and HPV subtype were recorded for each case. In total, 105 SPs were identified, including 47 in the larynx, 42 in the pharynx, 6 in the external auditory canal (EAC), 5 in the oral cavity, and 5 in the nasal cavity. HPV was found in 57 (54.3%) cases, with the highest positivity rate in the larynx (46/47; 97.9%). Only 5/42 (11.9%) patients showed HPV positivity in the pharynx. HPV incidence was highly dependent on the anatomical site. SPs in the larynx and EAC were more likely to carry HPV than those in other anatomical sites. High-risk HPV infections were rarely associated with SPs in the head and neck region. The sensitivity and specificity of p16 immunohistochemistry for HPV infection were 88% and 96%, respectively. There may be an association between p16 and HPV infection in head and neck SPs, but further studies are needed to validate this assertion.头颈部鳞状乳头状瘤（Squamous papillomas, SPs）通常为与人乳头瘤病毒（Human Papillomavirus, HPV）感染相关的良性病变。但现有报道中HPV检出率差异悬殊，尤其在解剖分布层面差异更为显著。头颈部SPs的病因仍未明确；基于解剖部位对SPs的HPV基因型进行分析，有助于阐明头颈部SPs的发病机制。因此，本研究旨在回顾中国某医院头颈部SPs中HPV的流行率、亚型及解剖分布特征；同时探究口咽癌HPV感染标志物p16蛋白（p16）是否可作为头颈部SPs中HPV感染的替代检测标志物。本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）检测了23型HPV DNA（含5种低危型HPV与18种高危型HPV）。对SP组织切片实施p16免疫组化检测。记录每例样本的年龄、性别、解剖部位及HPV亚型信息。本研究共纳入105例SPs样本，其中喉部47例、咽部42例、外耳道（external auditory canal, EAC）6例、口腔5例及鼻腔5例。其中57例（54.3%）检出HPV，喉部HPV阳性率最高（46/47，97.9%）。咽部样本仅5例（11.9%）呈HPV阳性。HPV感染率与解剖部位高度相关。喉部与外耳道的SPs相比其他解剖部位的样本，更易检出HPV感染。头颈部SPs与高危型HPV感染的相关性较低。p16免疫组化检测HPV感染的灵敏度与特异度分别为88%与96%。头颈部SPs中p16表达或与HPV感染存在关联，但仍需开展进一步研究以验证该结论。