Table_5_The Effect of Soil on the Biochemical Plasticity of Berry Skin in Two Italian Grapevine (V. vinifera L.) Cultivars.xlsx

Grapevine represents a particularly interesting species as concerns phenotypic plasticity, considering that the terroir, meaning the contribution of the geography, geology, and climate of a certain place, together with the agronomical practices utilized, may deeply influence the berry phenotype at the physiological, molecular, and biochemical levels. This phenomenon leads to the production of wines that, although produced from the same variety, exhibit different enological profiles and represents an issue of increasing interest from both a biological and an economic point of view. The main objective of the present study was to deepen the understanding of phenotypic plasticity in grapevine, trying to dissect the role of one its important components – the soil – by investigating the singular effect that different physico-chemical soil properties can produce in terms of berry plasticity at the phenological, physiological, and biochemical levels in a red and a white variety of great economic importance in Italy and overseas: Corvina and Glera. The results indicated a genotype-dependent response to the soil factor, with higher biochemical plasticity in Corvina with respect to Glera and suggested a key role of specific soil properties, including the skeleton, texture, and mineral composition, on the metabolite profile of berry skin.

就表型可塑性而言，葡萄是一类极具研究价值的物种。风土（terroir）指特定区域的地理、地质与气候条件，其与所采用的农艺栽培措施共同作用，可从生理、分子及生化层面深刻影响葡萄浆果的表型特征。该现象会导致即便使用同一葡萄品种酿造，最终产出的葡萄酒仍会呈现出迥异的酿酒学特性，这一议题在生物学与经济学视角下均受到日益广泛的关注。本研究的核心目标是深化对葡萄表型可塑性的认知，尝试解析其关键组成要素之一——土壤的作用机制：通过探究不同土壤理化性质，对意大利及海外极具经济价值的两个葡萄品种（红色品种科维纳（Corvina）与白色品种格雷拉（Glera））的浆果在物候、生理及生化层面的可塑性所产生的独立效应。研究结果显示，葡萄对土壤因子的响应存在基因型依赖性：科维纳的生化可塑性高于格雷拉；同时表明，包括土壤骨粒、质地与矿物组成在内的特定土壤性质，对葡萄果皮的代谢物谱具有关键调控作用。