Global scoping of wildlife legislation: Database of offences and penalties

This dataset details the global extent and variance of legislative responses to wildlife crimes. The dataset compiles wildlife, forestry, fishery, and environmental legislation (and in some cases Penal and Criminal Codes) and documents wildlife related offences and their corresponding penalties. Source legislation is hyperlinked in the text and offences are grouped into three categories; 1. wild animals, 2 wild animals (marine), and 3. wild plants. Details of the offence outlined in legislation are given, these are also consolidated to allow for greater comparison in the Wildlife Crime Penalties dashboard. Details on penalties are grouped by; 1. Fines, 2. Other financial penalties, 3. Imprisonment, 4. Restorative penalties, and 5. Additional penalties.This data was compiled as part of a study investigating the potential for Restorative Justice as a mechanism to address wildlife crimes. The findings of this legislative review have been published in the Global Journal of Animal Law and are also available online through the Wildlife Crime Penalties dashboard. Our hope is that the availability of this information will help to inform more effective management and intervention measures, including the wider adoption of restorative justice approaches to wildlife crime. We intend for this database and dashboard to be a living document and encourage the global community to contribute to updating the database.

本数据集详细记录了全球各国针对野生动物犯罪的立法应对范围与差异。本数据集汇编了野生动物、林业、渔业及环境相关立法（部分场景下还包含《刑法》与刑事法典），并对涉野生动物犯罪行为及其对应刑罚进行了记录。文本中已为原始立法文件设置超链接，同时将犯罪行为划分为三大类别：1. 陆生野生动物，2. 海洋野生动物，3. 野生植物。本数据集列明了立法中界定的犯罪行为细节，并对这些细节进行了整合，以支持在「野生动物犯罪刑罚仪表盘（Wildlife Crime Penalties dashboard）」中开展更充分的横向对比。刑罚相关细节则按类别整理为五大类：1. 罚金，2. 其他经济处罚，3. 监禁，4. 恢复性处罚，5. 附加处罚。本数据集的汇编工作源于一项研究，该研究旨在探究将恢复性司法（Restorative Justice）作为野生动物犯罪治理机制的可行性。本次立法梳理的研究成果已发表于《全球动物法杂志（Global Journal of Animal Law）》，同时可通过上述野生动物犯罪刑罚仪表盘在线获取。我们期望本数据集的公开能够为制定更高效的管理与干预措施提供参考，其中包括在野生动物犯罪治理中更广泛地应用恢复性司法路径。我们将本数据库与仪表盘视为一份动态更新的活文档，并呼吁全球各界共同参与该数据库的更新维护工作。