THE IMPACT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on reproductive health. PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with prevalence ranging from 6% to 20% depending on diagnostic criteria. The study examines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and reproductive consequences of PCOS, including menstrual irregularities, anovulation, infertility, pregnancy complications, and long-term metabolic sequelae. A cross-sectional study of 320 women with PCOS was conducted, utilizing Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, comprehensive hormonal profiling, metabolic assessment, and fertility evaluation. Results demonstrate that 85% of PCOS patients experienced menstrual irregularities, 72% had ovulatory dysfunction, and 40% presented with infertility. Insulin resistance was present in 65% of cases, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly elevated (8.4 ± 3.2 ng/mL vs 2.8 ± 1.1 ng/mL in controls, p<0.001). The discussion emphasizes the multifactorial etiology involving genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors, and evaluates contemporary management strategies including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and assisted reproductive technologies.本文对多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS）对生殖健康的影响开展了全面分析。多囊卵巢综合征是育龄女性最常见的内分泌紊乱性疾病，其患病率因诊断标准不同而介于6%至20%之间。本研究探讨了多囊卵巢综合征的病理生理学、临床表现及生殖结局，涵盖月经失调、无排卵、不孕、妊娠并发症与长期代谢后遗症。研究采用鹿特丹诊断标准，纳入320名多囊卵巢综合征患者开展横断面研究，同时实施全面的激素谱检测、代谢评估与生育能力评估。结果显示，85%的患者存在月经失调，72%存在排卵功能障碍，40%表现为不孕；65%的患者合并胰岛素抵抗，抗缪勒管激素（anti-Müllerian hormone, AMH）水平显著升高（患者组为8.4±3.2 ng/mL，对照组为2.8±1.1 ng/mL，p<0.001）。讨论部分阐明了涉及遗传、激素及代谢因素的多因素病因，并评估了当前的治疗策略，包括生活方式干预、药物治疗与辅助生殖技术。