Self-reported discrimination against adults with hearing loss in Brazilian health services: results of the National Health Survey

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence of self-reported discrimination against people with hearing loss in Brazilian health services and analyze associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2013 National Health Survey. The final study sample comprised 1,464 individuals with self-reported hearing loss. Poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals. The overall prevalence of discrimination was 15%. Prevalence was higher among black people and respondents who reported experiencing limitations in activities of daily living. Prevalence of discrimination in Brazilian health services was highest in black people with limitations in activities of daily living. The implementation of policies and actions to address this problem is recommended, including strategies during the education and training of health professionals.摘要：本研究旨在评估巴西医疗服务中存在听力损失人群自我报告所受歧视的流行率，并分析其相关影响因素。本研究采用2013年全国健康调查（National Health Survey）的数据，开展了一项基于人群的横断面研究，最终纳入1464名自我报告存在听力损失的受试者。研究采用泊松回归（Poisson regression）计算粗患病率比与校正后患病率比（crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, PR）及其对应的95%置信区间。结果显示，总体歧视流行率为15%；黑人受试者及自我报告存在日常生活活动能力受限的人群，其歧视流行率更高；巴西医疗服务中的歧视流行率在存在日常生活活动能力受限的黑人受试者中最高。研究建议出台针对性政策与干预措施以解决该问题，其中涵盖医疗专业人员教育与培训阶段的相关策略。