Gene-set of brown planthopper genome

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management.<br>
The N. lugens population sequenced in the present study was originally collected in Hangzhou, China, in 2008 and had been reared on rice seedlings (strain: TN1). One male and one female were isolated and mated to produce F1 progeny. A single pair was then selected for sibling inbreeding for 13 generations. Genomic DNA was extracted from adult females of the F13 generation. We constructed a series of DNA libraries with varying insert sizes (180 bp, 200 bp, 500 bp, 2 kb, 5 kb, 10 kb, 20 kb, and 40 kb) to perform WGS sequencing. All of the above libraries were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 2000 or GA-II sequencers. After performing filtering steps to remove adapter-contaminated reads, low-quality reads, and duplicate reads, a total of 158.01 Gbp of clean WGS data (131.67X of the genome) with 131.7-fold of genome coverage depth and were combined with 507.94 Gbp of clean fosmid sequence data was obtained. This was assembled using SOAPdenovo and Rabbit, producing a final draft assembly of 1.141Gbp with a scaffold N50 of 356,597 bp. The Nilaparvata lugens genome should highlight potential directions for effective pest control of the planthopper.

褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）是水稻最具破坏性的害虫，属于典型的专食性植食性昆虫，仅以水稻汁液为食且具备长距离迁飞能力。该虫害在亚洲大约每三年就会周期性爆发。它同时也被用作生态学研究以及开发高效害虫治理策略的模式实验系统。
本研究中测序的褐飞虱种群最初于2008年采自中国杭州，在水稻幼苗（品系：TN1）上连续饲养。选取1只雄虫与1只雌虫进行交配以获得F1后代，随后选择单对个体进行同胞近交13代。从F13代的成年雌虫中提取基因组DNA，构建了一系列插入片段长度各异的DNA文库（180 bp、200 bp、500 bp、2 kb、5 kb、10 kb、20 kb及40 kb），以开展全基因组测序（WGS）。所有文库均在Illumina HiSeq 2000或GA-II测序仪上完成测序。经过过滤步骤去除接头污染读段、低质量读段与重复读段后，共获得158.01 Gbp的干净全基因组测序数据（对应基因组131.67倍覆盖度，测序深度达131.7倍），并与507.94 Gbp的干净黏粒（fosmid）序列数据合并。随后使用SOAPdenovo与Rabbit软件进行基因组组装，最终得到1.141 Gbp的基因组草图组装版本，其支架N50为356,597 bp。褐飞虱基因组的解析将为该飞虱的高效害虫防控指明潜在方向。