Rosmarinic acid inhibits Rift Valley fevervirus: in vitro, computational and analyticalstudies: supplementary materials

Aim: The antiviral potentials of rosmarinic acid (RA) against Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus were investigated.Methods: Antiviral activity was investigated by evaluating the reduction in the viral infectivity titer.Computational and LC–MS studies were performed for investigating the mechanism of action. This isvia testing the interaction between RA and its major metabolite with the key infectivity proteins anddetermination of RA cellular permeability. Results: A superior reduction in RVF infectivity titer (45.5%)was observed when RA was applied post-infection compared to 17.7% reduction following its applicationbefore infection in addition to time-dependent inactivation kinetics. Recorded data showed in-silicoinhibitory potential of RA and its metabolite against RVFV cap-binding protein and glycoprotein C, whichare integral for viral transcription. LC–MS revealed cellular inclusion of RA, supporting its intracellularviral interaction. Conclusion: These antiviral potentials might suggest a promising foundation for futureanti-RVF drug development.