Data Sheet 1_Adult ADHD and comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders: a review of etiology and treatment.pdf

ObjectiveADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is known for its high degree of heterogeneity. It often coexists with other psychiatric diseases, especially anxiety and depression. This article reviews recent studies to explore the etiology of comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in adults with ADHD, analyzing the factors contributing to this elevated comorbidity rate from several perspectives. Additionally, we explore potential directions for future research in this field.
Recent findingsADHD exhibits a high comorbidity rate with anxiety and depressive disorders, due to overlapping and interacting symptoms. Individuals with two or more comorbid conditions often experience increased disease burden, prolonged illness duration, and diminished treatment efficacy. The underlying causes of comorbid anxiety and depression in ADHD patients are highly complex and can be understood from multiple dimensions, including genetics, neurobiology, neurocognition, and neuroimaging. This complexity poses significant challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Currently, the management of ADHD patients with concurrent depression or anxiety may involve pharmaceutical interventions combined with non-pharmacological strategies, including psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT) and digital therapeutics. For patients with comorbid illnesses, these intergrated approaches have demonstrated significant improvements in symptom relief and quality of life enhancement.
SummaryADHD is a highly heterogeneous disorder with a significant comorbidity rate. Recent research has elucidated the pathogenetic mechanisms of ADHD comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders from multiple perspectives. To improve patient functioning, enhance their quality of life, and guide more effective treatments, Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying causes of these comorbid conditions.

注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, 简称ADHD）是一类以高度异质性为核心特征的神经发育障碍，常与其他精神疾病共病，其中尤以焦虑障碍与抑郁障碍最为常见。本文综述近年相关研究进展，旨在探讨成人ADHD患者共患焦虑与抑郁障碍的病因学机制，从多维度分析该高共病率的潜在影响因素，并展望该领域未来的研究方向。
最新研究表明，由于症状存在重叠与交互作用，ADHD与焦虑、抑郁障碍的共病率处于较高水平。同时存在两种及以上共病障碍的患者，往往会承受更重的疾病负担、更长的病程，且治疗应答效果更差。ADHD患者共患焦虑与抑郁障碍的潜在病因极为复杂，可从遗传学、神经生物学、神经认知学以及神经影像学等多个维度进行阐释，这种复杂性也为临床诊疗带来了显著挑战。当前，针对共患抑郁或焦虑障碍的ADHD患者，临床管理多采用药物干预结合非药物策略的整合方案，其中非药物手段包括心理治疗（如认知行为疗法（Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 简称CBT））以及数字疗法。对于共病患者而言，这类整合疗法已被证实可有效缓解症状、提升生活质量。
综上，ADHD是一类高度异质性的精神障碍，共病率显著。近年研究已从多维度阐明了ADHD共患抑郁与焦虑障碍的病理生理机制。为进一步改善患者的社会功能、提升其生活质量并指导更优化的治疗方案，仍需开展更多研究以深入探究此类共病的潜在致病机制。