Diurnal Energy Balance in a Mango Orchard in the Northeast of Pará, Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the diurnal energy balance during the reproductive stage of two growing seasons of a mango orchard in the northeast of Pará, Brazil. Therefore, a micrometeorological tower was installed and instrumented, in the center of the experimental area, to monitor meteorological variables, besides the phenological evaluation of the mango orchard, which was carried out during growing seasons of 2010-2011 (October 2010 to January 2011) and of 2011-2012 (September 2011 to January 2012). The energy balance was obtained by the bowen ration technique, and the available energy partitioned into heat flux to the ground, sensible heat and latent heat. The amount of rainfall was crucial to the partition of the net radiation in the energy balance components. It provided the variation in the consumption of available energy between 69% and 78% as latent heat flux, and between 23% and 32% as sensible heat flux. The heat flux to the ground was small, representing less than 1% of the net radiation, showing that the mango orchard exhibits good soil cover preventing large variations in soil heating.

摘要 本研究旨在评估巴西帕拉州东北部两个种植季内芒果园生殖生长期的昼夜能量平衡。为此，研究人员在试验区域中心安装并布设了搭载监测设备的微气象塔（micrometeorological tower），用于监测气象变量；同时于2010-2011种植季（2010年10月至2011年1月）与2011-2012种植季（2011年9月至2012年1月）期间开展芒果园物候评估。本研究采用鲍恩比法（Bowen Ratio）计算能量平衡，并将有效能量划分为土壤热通量、感热与潜热。降雨量对净辐射在各能量平衡组分间的分配具有关键作用，其导致有效能量消耗的占比呈现显著差异：潜热通量占比介于69%至78%之间，感热通量占比则介于23%至32%之间。土壤热通量占比极低，不足净辐射的1%，表明该芒果园具备良好的地表覆盖，可有效抑制土壤温度的大幅波动。