Relevance of ecosystem services and disservices from green infrastructure perceived by the inhabitants of two Portuguese cities dealing with climate change: implications for environmental and intersectional justice

Green infrastructure provides ecosystem services (ESs) and disservices (EDSs), although EDSs are understudied. By considering both, this study contributes to the literature. The inhabitants’ perception of the importance of ESs/EDSs is assessed through a survey in two Portuguese cities facing extreme climatic events. “Heat reduction” and “contact with nature” are the most perceived ESs while “risk of fire” and “excessive water consumption” are the most perceived EDSs, respectively, in Elvas and Faro. Using rank-ordered logistic regression models, this study finds that the relevance of ESs/EDSs is perceived differently throughout the different areas of the cities, with Elvas revealing the highest signs of environmental injustice, since the importance of ESs is perceived differently by the inhabitants, specifically those inhabiting impoverished areas. The inhabitants perceiving heatwaves acknowledge less relevance to some ESs and more relevance to several EDSs. Gender, age, and income affect the perceived relevance of some ESs/EDSs, signalling intersectional injustice.

绿色基础设施能够提供生态系统服务（ecosystem services, ESs）与生态系统负服务（ecosystem disservices, EDSs），尽管目前学界对EDSs的研究仍较为匮乏。本研究同时纳入两类服务展开探讨，以期为相关研究文献补充新的视角。本研究针对两座受极端气候事件影响的葡萄牙城市开展问卷调查，以评估居民对ESs与EDSs重要性的认知水平。在埃尔瓦斯（Elvas）与法鲁（Faro）两市中，居民感知度最高的ESs分别为“热缓解”与“亲近自然”，而居民感知度最高的EDSs则分别为“火灾风险”与“过度耗水”。本研究采用有序逻辑回归模型开展分析，结果显示：不同城区居民对ESs与EDSs重要性的认知存在显著差异；其中埃尔瓦斯市的环境不公迹象最为显著，当地居民对ESs重要性的认知差异明显，尤以贫困街区居民为甚。经历过热浪的居民，对部分ESs的重视程度更低，而对多项EDSs的重视程度则更高。性别、年龄与收入水平会影响居民对部分ESs与EDSs的重要性认知，这一结果也揭示了多维度交叉性环境不公的存在。