Dietary exposure to trace elements and health risk assessment in the region of Valencia, Spain: a total diet study

Dietary exposure of the Valencian region population to lead, cadmium, inorganic arsenic (iAs), chromium, copper, tin and methylmercury (meHg) was assessed in a total diet study carried out in the region of Valencia in 2010–11. A total of 8100 food samples were collected and analysed. Occurrence data were combined with consumption data to estimate dietary exposure in adults (> 15 years of age) and young children (6–15 years of age). The estimated intake was calculated by a probabilistic approach. Average intake levels (optimistic scenario) for lead, iAs, chromium and tin were 0.21, 0.08, 1.79 and 1.87 µg kg−1 bw day−1 respectively; for Cd and meHg average intake levels were 0.77 and 0.54 µg kg–1 bw week−1, respectively, and for Cu, 1.60 mg day−1. In terms of risk characterisation, the results showed that 2.84% of the adult population may exceed the BMDL10 (benchmark dose lower confidence limit) established for Pb, which is linked to renal effects; whereas 28.01% of the young children population may exceed the BMDL01 related to neurodevelopment effects. In addition, 8.47% of the adult population and 12.32% of young children exceeded the meHg tolerable weekly intake (TWI).2010—2011年，巴伦西亚地区开展总膳食研究，对该区域人群摄入铅、镉、无机砷（inorganic arsenic, iAs）、铬、铜、锡及甲基汞（methylmercury, meHg）的膳食暴露情况进行了评估。本次研究共采集并分析8100份食品样本。研究将污染物残留数据与膳食消费数据相结合，分别估算成人（年龄＞15岁）与幼儿（6—15岁）的膳食暴露水平，摄入量估算采用概率法完成。铅、无机砷、铬与锡的平均摄入量（乐观情景）分别为0.21、0.08、1.79及1.87微克每公斤体重每日；镉与甲基汞的平均摄入量分别为0.77与0.54微克每公斤体重每周；铜的平均摄入量则为1.60毫克每日。在风险表征方面，研究结果显示，2.84%的成年人群可能超过针对铅制定的、与肾脏毒性效应相关的基准剂量低可信限（benchmark dose lower confidence limit, BMDL10）；而28.01%的幼儿人群可能超过与神经发育毒性效应相关的BMDL01。此外，分别有8.47%的成年人群与12.32%的幼儿人群的甲基汞摄入量超过了每周可耐受摄入量（tolerable weekly intake, TWI）。