Multi‐Season Evaluation of CO 2 Weather in OCO‐2 MIP Models Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

The ability of current global models to simulate the transport of CO2 by mid-latitude, synoptic- scale weather systems (i.e., CO2 weather) is important for inverse estimates of regional and global carbon budgets but remains unclear without comparisons to targeted measurements. Here, we evaluate ten models that participated in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 model intercomparison project (OCO-2 MIP version 9) with intensive aircraft measurements collected from the Atmospheric Carbon Transport (ACT)-America mission. We quantify model-data differences in the spatial variability of CO2 mole fractions, mean winds, and boundary layer depths in 27 mid-latitude cyclones spanning four seasons over the central and eastern United