Dataset: Resolving species assignment in public data refines biodiversity mapping of widespread amphibians in Asian ecozones

Amphibians with wide distributions are often subject to misidentification and inconsistent taxonomic labeling in open-access databases and published studies, leading to confusion over species boundaries. This dataset supports a multifaceted species delimitation framework applied to three dicroglossid frog genera: Fejervarya, Hoplobatrachus, and Quasipaa, distributed across the Indomalayan and Palearctic ecozones. The datasets includes (a) multilocus (4,044 bp), (b) concatenated supermatrix of genome-wide SNP data (~700,000 sites), and (c) 147 genome-wide loci from open-source GBS, RNA-seq, and WGS/WCS datasets, yielding 155 loci with 20 variants per split locus from 517 taxon entries and representing 14 recognised species across the two ecozones.

These data were used to evaluate 18 competing topological hypotheses using Bayesian species delimitation, model selection, and iterative genomic refinement. Complementary data layers include ecological niche models (ENMs) and advertisement call recordings from key populations in East Asia. The dataset enables the identification of cryptic clades and provides ecological and acoustic evidence supporting taxonomic divergence within the Fejervarya kawamurai, F. multistriata, and F. limnocharis species complexes.

Environmental variables such as precipitation of the driest month, elevation, and diurnal temperature range were identified as key predictors shaping distribution patterns. Additionally, call analysis validated the distinctiveness of sympatric clades within the Eastern Yangtze River Basin. The genomic and ecological datasets provided here support the correction of mislabeled GenBank records and offer a reusable framework for future taxonomic revision, comparative phylogeography, and amphibian biodiversity research.

广布两栖动物在开放获取数据库及已发表研究中常被误鉴定，且分类标注不统一，进而引发物种边界界定的混淆。本数据集支撑针对分布于印澳生态区（Indomalayan）及古北生态区（Palearctic）的3个叉舌蛙科（Dicroglossidae）蛙属——陆蛙属（Fejervarya）、虎纹蛙属（Hoplobatrachus）及棘蛙属（Quasipaa）——构建的多维度物种界定框架。本数据集包含三类数据：(a) 多基因座序列（总长4044 bp）；(b) 全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）拼接超矩阵（约700000个位点）；(c) 源自开放源基因分型测序（Genotyping-by-Sequencing, GBS）、RNA测序（RNA-seq）及全基因组测序/全基因组捕获测序（WGS/WCS）数据集的147个全基因组基因座，最终从517个分类单元条目中共获得155个基因座，每个拆分基因座含20个变异位点，涵盖两大生态区的14个已公认物种。

本数据集采用贝叶斯物种界定（Bayesian species delimitation）、模型选择及迭代基因组优化方法，对18种竞争性拓扑结构假说进行了评估。补充数据层包含生态位模型（ENMs）及东亚关键种群的求偶鸣唱录音。本数据集可用于识别隐支系，并提供生态学与声学证据，支撑陆蛙属（Fejervarya）川村陆蛙（F. kawamurai）、多纹陆蛙（F. multistriata）及泽蛙（F. limnocharis）物种复合群内的分类学分化。

研究识别出最干月降水量、海拔及昼夜温差等环境变量为塑造物种分布格局的关键预测因子。此外，鸣唱分析验证了长江流域东部同域分布支系的分化特征。本研究提供的基因组与生态数据集可用于修正基因银行（GenBank）中被错误标注的记录，并为未来的分类学修订、比较系统地理学研究及两栖动物生物多样性研究提供可复用的分析框架。