Sound files for The wolf spider Pardosa milvina detects predator threat level using only vibratory cues

Sound files Predators may inadvertently signal their presence and threat level by way of signals in multiple modalities. We used a spider, Pardosa milvina, known to respond adaptively to chemotactile predator cues (i.e., silk, faeces and other excreta) to evaluate whether it could also discriminate predation risk from isolated vibratory cues. Vibrations from its prey, conspecifics, and predators (Tigrosa helluo and Scarites quadriceps) were recorded and played back to Pardosa. In addition, we recorded predator vibrations with and without access to chemotactile cues from Pardosa, indicating the presence of prey. Pardosa did not appear to discriminate between vibrations from prey or conspecifics, but the response to predators depended on the presence of cues from Pardosa. Vibrations from predators with access to chemotactile cues from prey induced reductions in Pardosa activity. Predator cues typically occur in multiple modalities, but prey are capable of imperfectly evaluating predation risk using a limited subset of information.本数据集包含相关声音文件：捕食者可通过多模态信号无意间暴露自身存在及其威胁等级。我们选取了一种可适应性响应化学触觉捕食线索（即蛛丝、粪便及其他排泄物）的蜘蛛——银背豹蛛（Pardosa milvina），以评估其是否能够通过孤立的振动线索区分捕食风险。我们记录了该蜘蛛的猎物、同种个体以及两种捕食者（褐盗蛛Tigrosa helluo与宽颚步甲Scarites quadriceps）产生的振动，并将这些振动回放给银背豹蛛。此外，我们还分别记录了捕食者在能否接触银背豹蛛的化学触觉线索（该线索可指示猎物存在）时所产生的振动。实验结果显示，银背豹蛛似乎无法区分猎物与同种个体产生的振动，但对捕食者的响应则依赖于是否存在银背豹蛛自身的相关线索。当捕食者能够接触到猎物的化学触觉线索时，其产生的振动会导致银背豹蛛的活动量降低。通常而言，捕食者的线索多以多模态形式存在，但猎物仅能通过有限的信息子集不完善地评估自身面临的捕食风险。