A scoping review of observation-based tools for assessing use of the upper limb in activities

To summarise information about tools available to rate observed performance in activities, tested with populations with upper limb impairment. A scoping review was conducted. Articles were included if they reported psychometric properties of tools that could be used with populations with upper limb impairment, had at least one activity item, and item/s involved use of the upper limbs. Information about the tools was extracted, summarised and key findings are presented. Twenty-seven tools met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that few tools used client-selected (19%) items or clinician-selected (11%) items. Most tools (70%) used pre-defined items. Fourteen tools (52%) included activity-only items. Eleven tools (41%) had less than half activity items. An in-depth summary of the tools with activity-only items is reported. Many tools exist for assessing observed performance in activities to examine use of the upper limb. However, there were few tools (N = 6) available that assess observed performance in client-selected activities. This review can be used as a comprehensive summary of tools that currently exist to assess observed upper limb use or performance in activities for people with upper limb impairment (n = 27). A small number (n = 6) of assessments of observed performance in client-selected activities were identified that may be accessed by rehabilitation clinicians. Given the importance of client-centred practice, it is recommended that clinicians and researchers should select, modify and test available assessments that utilise client-selected occupations. This review can be used as a comprehensive summary of tools that currently exist to assess observed upper limb use or performance in activities for people with upper limb impairment (n = 27). A small number (n = 6) of assessments of observed performance in client-selected activities were identified that may be accessed by rehabilitation clinicians. Given the importance of client-centred practice, it is recommended that clinicians and researchers should select, modify and test available assessments that utilise client-selected occupations.本研究旨在梳理可用于上肢功能障碍（upper limb impairment）人群活动表现观察评分的相关工具信息。 本研究采用范围综述（scoping review）方法。纳入文献需满足以下条件：报告了可用于上肢功能障碍人群的评估工具的心理测量学特性（psychometric properties），该工具至少包含1项活动类条目，且条目涉及上肢使用。研究提取并整理了相关工具的信息，并呈现核心研究结果。 最终共有27款工具符合纳入标准。结果显示，仅有少数工具采用服务对象自主选择（client-selected）条目或临床医师自主选择（clinician-selected）条目，绝大多数工具（70%）采用预定义（pre-defined）条目。其中14款工具（52%）仅包含活动类条目，11款工具（41%）的活动类条目占比不足一半。本研究对仅包含活动类条目的工具进行了深度总结。 当前已有多款工具可用于评估活动中的观察表现以考察上肢使用情况，但仅少数工具（N=6）可针对服务对象自主选择的活动进行观察表现评估。 本综述可作为现有针对上肢功能障碍人群上肢使用情况或活动表现评估工具的全面汇总（共纳入27款工具）。本次研究共识别出6款可用于服务对象自主选择活动的观察表现评估工具，可供康复临床医师使用。 鉴于以服务对象为中心的实践（client-centred practice）的重要性，建议临床医师与研究人员选择、改良并测试采用服务对象自主选择的作业活动（client-selected occupations）的现有评估工具。 本综述可作为现有针对上肢功能障碍人群上肢使用情况或活动表现评估工具的全面汇总（共纳入27款工具）。本次研究共识别出6款可用于服务对象自主选择活动的观察表现评估工具，可供康复临床医师使用。 鉴于以服务对象为中心的实践的重要性，建议临床医师与研究人员选择、改良并测试采用服务对象自主选择的作业活动的现有评估工具。