Pollen-insect metanetworks in rural landscapes_data and code

Data and code supporting Hall et al., "Pollen-insect interaction meta-networks identify key relationships for conservation in mosaic agricultural landscapes" <strong>Abstract</strong> Flower-visitors use different parts of the landscape through the plants they visit, however these connections vary within and among land-uses. Identifying which flower-visiting insects are carrying pollen, and from where in the landscape, can elucidate key pollen-insect interactions and identify the most important sites for maintaining community-level interactions across land-uses. We developed a bipartite meta-network, linking pollen-insect interactions with the sites they occur in, to identify which land-use types in the field where insects were collected and at the landscape-scale (within 500 m of a site), are most important for conserving pollen-insect interactions. We compared pollen-insect interactions across four different land-uses (remnant native forest, avocado orchard, dairy farm, rotational potato crop) within a mosaic agricultural landscape. We sampled insects using flight intercept traps, identified pollen carried on their bodies and quantified distinct pollen-insect interactions that were highly specialised to both natural and modified land-uses. We found that sites in crops and dairy farms had higher richness of pollen-insect interactions and higher interaction strength than small forest patches and orchards. Further, many interactions involved pollinator groups such as flies, wasps and beetles that are often under-represented in pollen-insect network studies, but were often connector species in our networks. These insect groups require greater attention to enable wholistic pollinator community conservation. Pollen samples were dominated by grass (Poaceae) pollen, indicating anemophilous plant species may provide important food resources for pollinators, particularly in modified land-uses. Field-scale land-use (within 100m of a site) better predicted pollen-insect interaction richness, uniqueness, and strength than landscape-scale. Thus, management focused at smaller scales may provide more tractable outcomes for conserving or restoring pollen-insect interactions in modified landscapes. For instance, actions aimed at linking high-richness sites with those containing unique (i.e. rare) interactions by enhancing floral corridors along field boundaries may best aid interaction diversity and connectance. The ability to map interactions across sites using a meta-network approach is practical and can inform land-use planning, whereby conservation efforts can be targeted toward areas that host key interactions between plant and pollinator species.本数据集与配套代码用于支撑Hall等人题为《花粉-昆虫互作元网络（pollen-insect interaction meta-network）识别镶嵌式农业景观（mosaic agricultural landscapes）中的保护关键关系》的研究。 摘要：访花昆虫会通过其造访的植物利用景观的不同区域，而这些互作关系在不同土地利用类型内部及类型间存在差异。明确哪些访花昆虫携带了花粉，以及花粉源自景观中的哪些区域，有助于阐明关键的花粉-昆虫互作关系，并确定维持跨土地利用类型群落级互作的核心位点。 我们构建了二分元网络（bipartite meta-network），将花粉-昆虫互作与其发生位点相关联，以明确在昆虫采样的田间尺度以及位点周边500米的景观尺度下，哪些土地利用类型对保护花粉-昆虫互作最为重要。 我们在一处镶嵌式农业景观中选取了4种不同的土地利用类型（原生残余林、鳄梨园、奶牛场、轮作马铃薯田），并对其花粉-昆虫互作进行了对比分析。研究采用飞行拦截诱捕器（flight intercept traps）采集昆虫样本，对其体表携带的花粉进行物种鉴定，并量化了针对自然与人工改造土地利用类型均具有高度专一性的各类花粉-昆虫互作。 研究结果显示，农田与奶牛场位点的花粉-昆虫互作丰富度及互作强度均高于小型森林斑块与鳄梨园。此外，诸多互作涉及双翅目、膜翅目及鞘翅目等类群的传粉昆虫——此类类群在花粉-昆虫互作网络研究中常被忽视，但在本研究的网络中往往充当连接物种。要实现全面的传粉昆虫群落保护，需对这些昆虫类群给予更多关注。 花粉样本以禾本科（Poaceae）花粉为主，这表明风媒植物（anemophilous plant）可能为传粉昆虫提供了重要的食物资源，在人工改造的土地利用类型中尤为如此。 相较于景观尺度，田间尺度（位点周边100米范围内）的土地利用类型能更好地预测花粉-昆虫互作的丰富度、独特性与强度。因此，聚焦更小尺度的管理措施，或许能在人工改造景观中更高效地实现花粉-昆虫互作的保护与修复。例如，通过增强田界沿线的花卉廊道（floral corridors），将高互作丰富度位点与携带特有（即稀有）互作的位点相连，可有效提升互作多样性与网络连接度。 采用元网络方法实现跨位点互作制图具备实践可行性，可为土地利用规划提供参考，进而使保护工作能够精准聚焦于承载植物与传粉者物种间关键互作的区域。