Antibacterials and behaviors adopted by milk producers in Goiás, Brazil

Abstract Milk and its derivatives are rich in nutrients and widely consumed by the population. However, the presence of chemical residues is frequent in these products. This study aimed to carry out a diagnosis of the use of antibacterials and evaluate the knowledge about these drugs and behaviors adopted by dairy producers in Goiás, Brazil. A total of 286 dairy farms in 36 municipalities in the State were visited and interviews were conducted with the owner or auxiliary workforce. The questions addressed the production parameters of the property and the use of antibacterials. The answers were presented in percentages and graphs. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test at a 5% significance level. Only 26.2% of the producers used antibacterials indicated by veterinarians and all producers (100%) disposed of milk with residues inappropriately. Tetracycline and penicillin were the most used among the 21 cited active principles. Enteritis (22.1%), cattle tick fever (21.1%), and mastitis (19.4%) were the main diseases treated with antibacterials. A total of 37.4% of respondents were unable to distinguish antibacterials from other drugs. Moreover, the more specialized the farm, the greater the veterinary assistance and the greater the care for antibacterial treatments. Most respondents (51.7%) had incomplete elementary education. These results provide important information about how rural producers in the State of Goiás use antibacterials and serve as a basis for future interventions. The need for greater access by producers to veterinary services in Goiás is evident to reduce the unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibacterials.

摘要：牛乳及其衍生产品营养丰富，广受民众消费。然而，此类产品中化学残留的检出情况十分普遍。本研究旨在针对巴西戈亚斯州（Goiás）的乳品生产者的抗菌药物（antibacterials）使用情况开展诊断，并评估其对这类药物的认知水平与实际行为模式。本研究共走访了该州36个市镇的286家奶牛养殖场，并对养殖场所有者或辅助工作人员开展了访谈。访谈内容涵盖养殖场生产参数与抗菌药物使用情况。研究结果以百分比与图表形式呈现。统计分析采用皮尔逊卡方检验（Pearson’s chi-square test），显著性水平设定为5%。仅26.2%的生产者使用兽医开具的抗菌药物，且所有受访生产者（100%）均未按规范处理含残留的牛乳。在受访提及的21种活性成分中，四环素（Tetracycline）与青霉素（Penicillin）为最常使用的品种。肠炎（Enteritis）、牛焦虫病（cattle tick fever）与乳腺炎（mastitis）为使用抗菌药物治疗的主要病症，占比分别为22.1%、21.1%与19.4%。总计37.4%的受访者无法区分抗菌药物与其他药物类别。此外，养殖场专业化程度越高，其获得的兽医协助越多，对抗菌药物治疗的操作规范程度也越高。多数受访者（51.7%）仅接受过初等教育且未完成学业。本研究结果为了解戈亚斯州农村生产者的抗菌药物使用情况提供了重要参考，同时可为未来的干预措施提供依据。显然，为降低抗菌药物的不必要与不规范使用，戈亚斯州的生产者需获得更多兽医服务资源。