Table_2_Integrated Bayesian Approaches Shed Light on the Dissemination Routes of the Eurasian Grapevine Germplasm.XLSX

The domestication and spreading of grapevine as well as the gene flow history had been described in many studies. We used a high-quality 7k SNP dataset of 1,038 Eurasian grape varieties with unique profiles to assess the population genetic diversity, structure, and relatedness, and to infer the most likely migration events. Comparisons of putative scenarios of gene flow throughout Europe from Caucasus helped to fit the more reliable migration routes around the Mediterranean Basin. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach made possible to provide a response to several questions so far remaining unsolved. Firstly, the assessment of genetic diversity and population structure within a well-covered dataset of ancient Italian varieties suggested the different histories between the Northern and Southern Italian grapevines. Moreover, Italian genotypes were shown to be distinguishable from all the other Eurasian populations for the first time. The entire Eurasian panel confirmed the east-to-west gene flow, highlighting the Greek role as a “bridge” between the Western and Eastern Eurasia. Portuguese germplasm showed a greater proximity to French varieties than the Spanish ones, thus being the main route for gene flow from Iberian Peninsula to Central Europe. Our findings reconciled genetic and archaeological data for one of the most cultivated and fascinating crops in the world.

多项研究均已阐述了葡萄的驯化、传播历程及其基因流（gene flow）历史。本研究采用涵盖1038份具有独特遗传特征的欧亚葡萄品种的高质量7k单核苷酸多态性（SNP）数据集，对种群遗传多样性、种群结构及亲缘关系进行评估，并推断最可能的迁徙事件。通过比对源自高加索并扩散至整个欧洲的各类假想基因流场景，我们得以拟合出地中海盆地周边更为可靠的迁徙路径。近似贝叶斯计算（Approximate Bayesian Computation, ABC）方法的应用，使得我们得以解答诸多此前悬而未决的科学问题。其一，针对覆盖度良好的意大利古代葡萄品种数据集开展的遗传多样性与种群结构分析显示，意大利北部与南部的葡萄藤演化历史存在显著差异。此外，本研究首次证实意大利葡萄基因型可与其他所有欧亚种群明确区分。全部欧亚葡萄样本集验证了自东向西的基因流模式，凸显了希腊作为欧亚东西部之间"桥梁"的重要作用。葡萄牙葡萄种质资源与法国品种的亲缘关系较西班牙品种更近，因此葡萄牙是基因从伊比利亚半岛向中欧扩散的主要路径。本研究的发现整合了全球种植最为广泛且极具研究价值的作物之一——葡萄的遗传学与考古学数据。