Ecological indexes.

The spread of arboviruses like yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, transmitted by the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti has led to the development of many strategies to suppress mosquito populations. Given the rapid development of resistance to common chemical larvicides and adulticides in some Ae. aegypti populations, as well as the ever-shrinking chemical options for mosquito control, there is a pressing need for new tools and deployment of those innovative tools as a component of integrative mosquito management programs. Prior to the adoption of any mosquito population intervention, be it conventional or innovative, understanding the baseline population is essential to evaluate the efficacy of the control measure. The Lee County Mosquito Control District in Florida has collected a three-year-long period of baseline entomological surveillance data collection for Ae. aegypti on Captiva and Sanibel Islands as foundational information prior to implementation of a new integrative mosquito management approach. We identified 18 mosquito species and described their population dynamics during the rainy and dry seasons. The two islands had no significant differences in species richness, diversity, dominance, or evenness overall. Yet, there were clear differences between the high rain season and low rain season in the Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou species evenness index within each site. Our data suggest that any innovative intervention should begin before mid to late April when the mosquito population is at its lowest and certainly before populations build up to their summer peak between June and September. These data also show the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti is dynamic in space and time, identifying hotspots of mosquito abundance to focus on for future interventions. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of entomological data collection to understand the population dynamics of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, including the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation.

由埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）传播的虫媒病毒（arboviruses）——包括黄热病、登革热、基孔肯雅热与寨卡病毒等——的全球扩散，催生了诸多抑制蚊媒种群的防控策略。鉴于部分埃及伊蚊种群对常用化学杀幼虫剂（chemical larvicides）与杀成虫剂（adulticides）的抗药性快速演化，加之蚊媒防控可用的化学药剂选择日益缩减，开发新型防控工具并将其作为综合蚊媒管理（integrative mosquito management）项目的组成部分进行部署已迫在眉睫。在采用任何蚊媒种群干预措施（无论传统或创新型措施）前，明确基线种群状态均为评估防控措施有效性的核心前提。美国佛罗里达州李县蚊媒防控部门针对卡普蒂瓦岛与萨尼贝尔岛的埃及伊蚊开展了为期三年的基线昆虫学监测（entomological surveillance）数据采集工作，作为新型综合蚊媒管理方案落地前的基础性储备信息。本次研究共鉴定出18种蚊类，并系统描述了其在多雨季与少雨季的种群动态特征。两座岛屿在物种丰富度（species richness）、物种多样性、优势度（dominance）及均匀度（evenness）整体层面均无显著差异，但各监测点内部的香农多样性指数（Shannon diversity index）、辛普森优势度指数（Simpson dominance index）与皮尔洛物种均匀度指数（Pielou species evenness index）在多雨季与少雨季间存在显著差异。研究数据显示，任何新型干预措施均应于4月中下旬蚊媒种群处于最低谷时启动，且务必在种群于6月至9月间达到夏季峰值前开展。本次数据还揭示了埃及伊蚊的空间分布具备时空动态性，明确了蚊媒丰度的热点区域，可为未来的防控干预提供精准聚焦方向。总体而言，本研究强调了昆虫学数据采集的重要价值，其可为深入解析埃及伊蚊的种群动态提供支撑，涵盖温度、降水等环境因素带来的影响。