Parasites of ornamental fish commercialized in Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil)

Abstract This study investigated the parasites fauna of four freshwater ornamental fish species in aquarium shops of Macapá, Amapá State, in addition to survey the commercialized fish species and sanitary conditions of aquarium shops. Different native and non-native ornamental fish species were found in aquarium shops, mainly Poecilidae. We examined 30 specimens of Xiphophorus maculatus, 30 Danio rerio, 30 Paracheirodon axelrodi, and 30 Corydoras ephippifer for parasites. Of the 120 fish examined, 22.5% were parasitized by one or more species and a total of 438 parasites were collected and identified. Parasites such as: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Monogenea, undermined Digenea metacercariae, Acanthostomum sp. metacercariae, Camallanus spp., Bothriocephalus acheilognathi and Echinorhynchus sp. infected the hosts examined. Endoparasites in the larval stage showed the greatest diversity and Camallanus spp. was found in all hosts species examined. Paracheirodon axelrodi (43.3%) was the most parasitized host, while C. ephippifer (6.7%) was the least parasitized. Despite the low ectoparasites level, six species of endoparasites was observed, demonstrating that prophylactic and quarantine procedures were not fully adequate. Therefore, failures in prophylactic procedures on any link in the production industry of ornamental fish may cause parasite transmission to ornamental fish captured in different environments and localities.

摘要
本研究针对阿马帕州马卡帕市水族店中的四种淡水观赏鱼类开展寄生虫区系调查，同时对该类店铺的在售观赏鱼类品类与卫生状况进行调研。本次调研的水族店内存在多种本土与外来观赏鱼类，其中以花鳉科（Poecilidae）为主。我们共计采集了新月鱼（Xiphophorus maculatus）、斑马鱼（Danio rerio）、红绿灯鱼（Paracheirodon axelrodi）以及Ephippifer兵鲶（Corydoras ephippifer）各30尾样本开展寄生虫检测。在受检的120尾鱼类中，22.5%的个体被一种或多种寄生虫寄生，共计采集并鉴定出438条寄生虫标本。本次检测到的寄生虫包括：多子小瓜虫（Ichthyophthirius multifiliis）、单殖吸虫（Monogenea）、未分类复殖吸虫囊蚴、棘穴吸虫属（Acanthostomum sp.）囊蚴、驼形线虫属（Camallanus spp.）物种、九江头槽绦虫（Bothriocephalus acheilognathi）以及棘头虫属（Echinorhynchus sp.）物种，上述寄生虫均感染了本次受检宿主。幼虫期寄生虫的物种多样性最高，且驼形线虫属（Camallanus spp.）在所有受检宿主物种中均有检出。红绿灯鱼（Paracheirodon axelrodi）的感染率最高，达43.3%；而Ephippifer兵鲶（Corydoras ephippifer）的感染率最低，仅为6.7%。尽管体外寄生虫感染水平较低，但本次调研仍检出6种体内寄生虫，这表明相关预防性检疫与隔离措施尚未完全达标。因此，观赏鱼类产业各生产环节中预防性措施的缺失，可能会导致寄生虫传播至不同环境与地域捕获的观赏鱼类体内。