Daily solriamfetol improved performance on a memory and attention task in people with obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness: a plain language summary

<b>What is this summary about?</b> The SHARP study looked at the effects of a medication called solriamfetol in people with obstructive sleep apnea (sleep apnea for short) who were very sleepy during the day (called excessive daytime sleepiness) and had trouble with things like thinking, concentrating, and remembering (called cognitive impairment). In people with sleep apnea, breathing is regularly interrupted during sleep. This can lead to many problems, including excessive daytime sleepiness and <b>cognitive</b> impairment. In previous studies, people with sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness who took solriamfetol felt more awake during the day compared with people who took an identical tablet with no medication (called a <b>placebo</b>). The SHARP study looked at the effects of solriamfetol on symptoms related to cognitive impairment. To avoid <b>bias</b> from people’s personal feelings about their cognition, the cognitive function of people who participated in the study was measured by a cognitive performance test (called objective cognitive function). Subjective ratings were also used; these measured people’s personal feelings about their cognitive function (called subjective cognitive function), the severity of their cognitive impairment, and their sleepiness during the day. <b>What are the key takeaways?</b> In the SHARP study, people had more improvement in their objective cognitive function when taking solriamfetol than when they took placebo, and this benefit lasted for 8 hours. People also reported that their subjective cognitive function had improved, their cognitive impairment was less severe, and their daytime sleepiness was better with solriamfetol. The most common side effects were nausea and anxiety. <b>What were the main conclusions reported by the researchers?</b> These findings show that solriamfetol can improve cognitive function in people with cognitive impairment related to sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness.

<b>本摘要的核心主题是什么？</b> SHARP研究考察了索利马非托（solriamfetol）对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（obstructive sleep apnea，简称睡眠呼吸暂停）患者的疗效，此类患者存在日间过度嗜睡（excessive daytime sleepiness），且伴随思维、专注力及记忆力受损等认知功能损害（cognitive impairment）表现。睡眠呼吸暂停的病理机制为睡眠过程中呼吸反复中断，可引发多种健康问题，包括日间过度嗜睡与认知功能损害。既往研究显示，伴日间过度嗜睡的睡眠呼吸暂停患者服用索利马非托后，日间觉醒度较服用无药物等效片剂（即安慰剂（placebo））的受试者更高。本次SHARP研究聚焦索利马非托对认知损害相关症状的影响。为避免受试者对自身认知状态的主观感受引入偏倚（bias），研究采用客观认知功能测试评估受试者的认知表现（即客观认知功能）；同时辅以主观评分，包括受试者对自身认知功能的主观感受、认知损害严重程度以及日间嗜睡程度的自评。
<b>本研究的核心发现是什么？</b> 在SHARP研究中，与安慰剂组相比，索利马非托组受试者的客观认知功能改善更为显著，且该获益可持续8小时。此外，受试者自评结果显示，索利马非托组的主观认知功能得到改善、认知损害严重程度降低，日间嗜睡症状也有所缓解。最常见的不良反应为恶心与焦虑。
<b>研究人员报告的主要结论为何？</b> 上述结果表明，索利马非托可改善伴睡眠呼吸暂停及日间过度嗜睡的认知损害患者的认知功能。