PREVALENCE OF CARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PRE-PARTICIPATION ASSESSMENTS OF A PROFESSIONAL SOCCER CLUB

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the results of pre-participation tests applied to soccer players from a professional club, aiming to compare the cardiographic findings with the literature and encourage the development of new strategies for the prevention of sudden death. Methods: We used a sample group of 110 male soccer players. Stages of the study: 1) collection of data from the pre-participation tests (cardiac history, electrocardiogram, exercise test and echocardiogram) using a form covering three years (2015 to 2017); 2) tabulation of data using Word and Excel Office 2010 software; 3) comparison with the literature. Results: Of the athletes studied, 55.5% had sinus bradycardia and 14.5% had ventricular repolarization abnormalities, 33.3% showed evidence of minimal tricuspid regurgitation, and 45.7% had physiological pulmonary regurgitation. The echocardiogram presented some interesting data when compared to the adult non-athlete population. In the ergometric test, 53.6% of the athletes reached the maximum stage and 46.4% discontinued the test due to physical fatigue. Regarding arrhythmias, in 21.8% of the patients we observed rare isolated ventricular extrasystoles and in 8.2% rare isolated supraventricular extrasystoles. Conclusion: The findings corroborate data from the literature on exercise and sports cardiology, since they mainly represent physiological adaptations of the athlete's heart. The sports physician is responsible for monitoring athletes to prevent sudden death. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.摘要 研究目的：分析某职业足球俱乐部运动员的赛前体检结果，旨在将心电图（electrocardiogram）检查结果与现有文献进行比对，并探索制定心源性猝死预防新策略的可行方向。 研究方法：本研究纳入110名男性足球运动员作为研究样本。研究流程分为三个阶段：1）通过覆盖2015至2017年三年的调研问卷，收集赛前体检相关数据，包括心脏病史、心电图、运动负荷试验（exercise test）与超声心动图（echocardiogram）；2）使用Word与Excel 2010办公软件完成数据制表；3）将研究所得结果与现有文献进行对照分析。 研究结果：受试运动员中，55.5%存在窦性心动过缓（sinus bradycardia），14.5%存在心室复极异常（ventricular repolarization abnormalities），33.3%可见轻度三尖瓣反流（tricuspid regurgitation）征象，45.7%存在生理性肺动脉瓣反流（pulmonary regurgitation）。与成人非运动员人群相比，本次超声心动图结果呈现出具有参考意义的特征。运动负荷试验中，53.6%的运动员完成了最大负荷阶段，46.4%因体力疲劳终止试验。针对心律失常情况：21.8%的受试者可见偶发孤立性室性早搏（ventricular extrasystoles），8.2%可见偶发孤立性室上性早搏（supraventricular extrasystoles）。 研究结论：本研究结果与运动心脏病学领域现有文献数据相符，上述表现主要体现了运动员心脏的生理性适应性改变。运动医师需承担运动员健康监测职责，以预防心源性猝死的发生。本研究证据级别为II级，属于回顾性研究。