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CORDEX-ML-Bench: A benchmarking dataset for data-driven regional climate downscaling.

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Zenodo2026-05-22 更新2026-05-26 收录
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CORDEX-ML-Bench Dataset CORDEX ML-Bench is a benchmark designed to evaluate the performance of machine learning–based climate downscaling models across different regions covering both the standard (perfect prognosis ESD) and emulation climate downscaling approaches. It defines standardized training and test experiments assessing various downscaling challenges along with the corresponding datasets from Regional Climate Models (RCMs) driven by different Global Climate Models (GCMs).  This repository provides the training and testing datasets for CORDEX-ML-Bench. For detailed information on data loading, model training, and evaluation strategies, visit: 📦 WCRP-CORDEX/ml-benchmark.  Overview The CORDEX-ML-Bench Dataset provides a standardized benchmark for evaluating machine learning approaches to climate downscaling. The dataset is publicly available on Zenodo as zip files (~10 GB per domain). The dataset spans three regions, each with identical domain sizes (same number of grid boxes). Each domain includes data from one Regional Climate Model (RCM) driven by two Global Climate Models (GCMs): one for training and testing, and another exclusively for testing transferability. Predictors (coarse-resolution ~200km, 16×16 grid):There are 16 predictor variables in total.  Atmospheric variables at 850 hPa, 700 hPa, 500 hPa (~200km) : u - zonal wind component v - meridional wind component q - specific humidity t - temperature z - geopotential height Static field: Orography (topography; ~10km) Predictands (high-resolution ~10km, 128×128 grid): Temperature (tasmax) Precipitation (pr) 🌍 Geographic Domains Domain Resolution Target Variables Target Grid Size Predictor Variables Predictor Grid Size Static Fields New Zealand (NZ) 0.11° Tasmax, Pr 128 × 128 u, v, q, t, z at 850, 700, 500 hPa (15 variables) 16 x 16 (2°) Orography (128 x 128; 0.11°) Europe (ALPS) 0.11° Tasmax, Pr 128 × 128 u, v, q, t, z at 850, 700, 500 hPa 16 x 16 (2°) Orography South Africa (SA) 0.10° Tasmax, Pr 128 × 128 u, v, q, t, z at 850, 700, 500 hPa  16 x 16 (2°) Orography   New Zealand (NZ) – 0.11° resolution RCM: CCAM (CMIP6-downscaled) GCM 1 (train/test): ACCESS-CM2_r4i1p1f1 (historical and ssp370) GCM 2 (test only): EC-Earth3_r1i1p1f1 (historical and ssp370) Grid: Regular lon/lat South Africa (SA) – 0.10° resolution RCM: CCAM (CMIP6-downscaled) GCM 1 (train/test): ACCESS-CM2_r4i1p1f1 (historical and ssp370) GCM 2 (test only): NorESM2-MM_r1i1p1f1 (historical and ssp370) Grid: Regular lon/lat Europe (ALPS) – 0.11° resolution RCM: Aladin63 (CORDEX-CMIP5) GCM 1 (train/test): CNRM-CM5 (historical and rcp85) GCM 2 (test only): MPI-ESM-LR (historical and rcp85) Grid: Lambert Conformal Conic projection Data Description Training Data Includes predictors and predictands for two benchmark experiments: ESD Pseudo-Reality: Standard empirical statistical downscaling Emulator Hist+Future: Physical emulation approach Test Data Includes predictors and predictands for three time periods (historical, mid-century, end-century) with: Perfect predictors: Upscaled from RCM (as in training) Imperfect predictors: From driving GCM 📁 File Structure Domain/├── train/│   ├── ESD_pseudo-reality/│   │   ├── predictors/│   │   │   ├── {GCM}_1961-1980.nc│   │   │   └── static.nc│   │   └── target/│   │       └── pr_tasmax_{GCM}_1961-1980.nc│   └── Emulator_hist_future/│       ├── predictors/│       │   ├── {GCM}_1961-1980_2080-2099.nc│       │   └── static.nc│       └── target/│           └── pr_tasmax_{GCM}_1961-1980_2080-2099.nc└── test/    ├── historical/    │   ├── predictors/    │   │   ├── perfect/    │   │   │   ├── {GCM1}_1981-2000.nc    │   │   │   └── {GCM2}_1981-2000.nc    │   │   └── imperfect/    │   │       ├── {GCM1}_1981-2000.nc    │   │       └── {GCM2}_1981-2000.nc    │   └── target/    │           ├── pr_tasmax_{GCM1}_1981-2000.nc    │           └── pr_tasmax_{GCM2}_1981-2000.nc    ├── mid_century/    |   ├── predictors/    |   │   ├── perfect/    |   │   └── imperfect/    |   └── target/    └── end_century/        ├── predictors/        │   ├── perfect/        │   └── imperfect/        └── target/ Usage For detailed instructions on downloading and using the data, please refer to notebooks in the Github:  https://github.com/WCRP-CORDEX/ml-benchmark/tree/main.  data_download.ipynb – Download instructions experiments.ipynb – Data walkthrough and experiment configuration Citation Rampal, N., González-Abad, J., Gibson, P., Engelbrecht, F., Steinkopf, J., & Hardy, C. (2025). CORDEX-ML-Bench: A benchmarking dataset for data-driven regional climate downscaling. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957264 Data Preprocessing Region-specific preprocessing information: NZ Domain: nram812/CORDEXBench-nzdomain-preprocessing ALPS Domain: jgonzalezab/CORDEXBench-alpsdomain-preprocessing

# CORDEX-ML-Bench 数据集 CORDEX ML-Bench 是一款基准测试集,旨在评估基于机器学习的气候降尺度(climate downscaling)模型在不同区域的性能,覆盖标准(完美预后经验统计降尺度(perfect prognosis ESD))与模拟气候降尺度两类方法。该基准定义了标准化的训练与测试实验,用于评估各类降尺度任务挑战,并配套提供由不同全球气候模式(Global Climate Models, GCMs)驱动的区域气候模式(Regional Climate Models, RCMs)数据集。 本代码仓库提供 CORDEX-ML-Bench 的训练与测试数据集。如需了解数据加载、模型训练及评估策略的详细信息,请访问:📦 WCRP-CORDEX/ml-benchmark。 ## 概述 CORDEX-ML-Bench 数据集为评估机器学习气候降尺度方法提供了标准化基准。该数据集以压缩包形式公开发布于 Zenodo 平台,每个区域的数据集大小约为10 GB。数据集涵盖三个区域,所有区域的网格尺寸完全一致(网格单元数量相同)。每个区域包含一套由两个全球气候模式驱动的区域气候模式数据:一个用于训练与测试,另一个仅用于测试模型的迁移性能。 ### 预测因子(分辨率约200 km,16×16网格) 共计16个预测因子变量: 850 hPa、700 hPa、500 hPa 等压面上的大气变量(分辨率约200 km): - u:纬向风分量 - v:经向风分量 - q:比湿 - t:温度 - z:位势高度 静态场:地形高程(Orography,分辨率约10 km) ### 预测目标(分辨率约10 km,128×128网格) - 最高气温(tasmax) - 降水量(pr) 🌍 地理区域 | 区域(Domain) | 分辨率 | 目标变量 | 目标网格尺寸 | 预测因子变量 | 预测因子网格尺寸 | 静态场 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 新西兰(New Zealand, NZ) | 0.11° | 最高气温(Tasmax)、降水量(Pr) | 128 × 128 | 850、700、500 hPa 等压面上的u、v、q、t、z(共15个变量) | 16 × 16(2°) | 地形高程(128 × 128;0.11°) | | 欧洲(阿尔卑斯区域,Europe, ALPS) | 0.11° | 最高气温(Tasmax)、降水量(Pr) | 128 × 128 | 850、700、500 hPa 等压面上的u、v、q、t、z | 16 × 16(2°) | 地形高程 | | 南非(South Africa, SA) | 0.10° | 最高气温(Tasmax)、降水量(Pr) | 128 × 128 | 850、700、500 hPa 等压面上的u、v、q、t、z | 16 × 16(2°) | 地形高程 | #### 新西兰(NZ)——0.11°分辨率 - 区域气候模式:CCAM(CMIP6降尺度结果) - 用于训练与测试的全球气候模式1:ACCESS-CM2_r4i1p1f1(历史情景与ssp370情景) - 仅用于迁移测试的全球气候模式2:EC-Earth3_r1i1p1f1(历史情景与ssp370情景) - 网格:常规经纬网格 #### 南非(SA)——0.10°分辨率 - 区域气候模式:CCAM(CMIP6降尺度结果) - 用于训练与测试的全球气候模式1:ACCESS-CM2_r4i1p1f1(历史情景与ssp370情景) - 仅用于迁移测试的全球气候模式2:NorESM2-MM_r1i1p1f1(历史情景与ssp370情景) - 网格:常规经纬网格 #### 欧洲(ALPS)——0.11°分辨率 - 区域气候模式:Aladin63(CORDEX-CMIP5) - 用于训练与测试的全球气候模式1:CNRM-CM5(历史情景与rcp85情景) - 仅用于迁移测试的全球气候模式2:MPI-ESM-LR(历史情景与rcp85情景) - 网格:兰勃特共形圆锥投影(Lambert Conformal Conic projection) ## 数据说明 ### 训练数据 包含两类基准实验的预测因子与预测目标: 1. ESD伪现实实验(ESD Pseudo-Reality):标准经验统计降尺度方法 2. 模拟器历史-未来实验(Emulator Hist+Future):物理模拟方法 ### 测试数据 包含三个时段(历史时段、世纪中期、世纪末)的预测因子与预测目标,其中: - 完美预测因子:从区域气候模式降尺度得到(与训练集一致) - 非完美预测因子:直接来自驱动全球气候模式 📁 文件结构 Domain/ ├── train/ │ ├── ESD_pseudo-reality/ │ │ ├── predictors/ │ │ │ ├── {GCM}_1961-1980.nc │ │ │ └── static.nc │ │ └── target/ │ │ └── pr_tasmax_{GCM}_1961-1980.nc │ └── Emulator_hist_future/ │ ├── predictors/ │ │ ├── {GCM}_1961-1980_2080-2099.nc │ │ └── static.nc │ └── target/ │ └── pr_tasmax_{GCM}_1961-1980_2080-2099.nc └── test/ ├── historical/ │ ├── predictors/ │ │ ├── perfect/ │ │ │ ├── {GCM1}_1981-2000.nc │ │ │ └── {GCM2}_1981-2000.nc │ │ └── imperfect/ │ │ ├── {GCM1}_1981-2000.nc │ │ └── {GCM2}_1981-2000.nc │ └── target/ │ ├── pr_tasmax_{GCM1}_1981-2000.nc │ └── pr_tasmax_{GCM2}_1981-2000.nc ├── mid_century/ │ ├── predictors/ │ │ ├── perfect/ │ │ └── imperfect/ │ └── target/ └── end_century/ ├── predictors/ │ ├── perfect/ │ └── imperfect/ └── target/ ## 使用方法 如需获取数据下载与使用的详细说明,请参阅 GitHub 仓库中的示例 notebooks:https://github.com/WCRP-CORDEX/ml-benchmark/tree/main。 - data_download.ipynb:数据下载指南 - experiments.ipynb:数据浏览与实验配置说明 ## 引用 Rampal, N., González-Abad, J., Gibson, P., Engelbrecht, F., Steinkopf, J., & Hardy, C. (2025). CORDEX-ML-Bench: A benchmarking dataset for data-driven regional climate downscaling. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957264 ## 数据预处理 各区域专属预处理信息: - NZ区域:nram812/CORDEXBench-nzdomain-preprocessing - ALPS区域:jgonzalezab/CORDEXBench-alpsdomain-preprocessing
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Zenodo
创建时间:
2025-06-18
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