Table_1_Parent’s food literacy and adolescents nutrition literacy influence household’s food security and adolescent’s malnutrition and anemia: Findings from a national representative cross sectional study.docx

IntroductionFood and nutrition literacy are widely fundamental to improve the food security and reduce the double burden of malnutrition and iron deficiency in low- and middle-income countries.
ObjectivesThis study aimed (1) to assess the nutrition literacy (NL) of Lebanese adolescents and their parents’ food literacy (FL), (2) to investigate the impacts of adolescents’ NL and parental FL on (a) the household food security, (b) the adolescents’ self-reported food security, and (c) the adolescents’ nutrition status with a focus on malnutrition and anemia.
MethodsA national representative sample of 450 parent–adolescent dyads [parents: mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 46.0 ± 7.0, mothers: 59.0%; adolescents: mean age ± SD = 15.0 ± 3.0, girls: 54.6%] were interviewed. Anthropometric and blood hemoglobin measurements were performed for adolescents. The Arab Family Food Security Scale and the Adolescent-Level Food Security Scale were used.
ResultsAround 45.0% of the adolescents were nutritionally illiterate, and nearly half (47.8%) of parents had poor FL. Around 68.2 and 54.0% of the households and adolescents were food insecure, respectively. Moreover, 6.7, 4.7, 32.2, and 16.7% of the adolescents were stunted, thin, overweight/obese, and anemic, respectively. Poor parental FL increased the risk of household food insecurity (FI) by 2.7 times, p < 0.001. Adolescents’ nutrition illiteracy increased their FI risk by 60.0% (p = 0.02). The number of offspring, household income, crowding status, and participants’ residence also influenced the percentage of FI and malnutrition prevalence among households and adolescents.
ConclusionImprovements in FL and NL are promising to mitigate FI malnutrition in Lebanon.

引言
粮食素养（Food Literacy, FL）与营养素养（Nutrition Literacy, NL）是改善低收入和中等收入国家粮食安全、减轻营养不良与铁缺乏双重负担的核心基础。

研究目标
本研究旨在达成以下两项目标：（1）评估黎巴嫩青少年的营养素养（NL）水平及其父母的粮食素养（FL）水平；（2）探究青少年营养素养与父母粮食素养对以下三方面的影响：（a）家庭粮食安全状况；（b）青少年自我报告的粮食安全状况；（c）青少年营养状况，重点关注营养不良与贫血问题。

研究方法
本研究纳入全国代表性样本，共450对亲子二人组[父母平均年龄±标准差（standard deviation, SD）=46.0±7.0，其中母亲占比59.0%；青少年平均年龄±SD=15.0±3.0，其中女性占比54.6%]，并对所有受试者开展访谈。研究人员为青少年进行了人体测量学指标检测与血液血红蛋白水平测定。本研究采用阿拉伯家庭粮食安全量表（Arab Family Food Security Scale）与青少年层面粮食安全量表（Adolescent-Level Food Security Scale）进行数据采集。

研究结果
约45.0%的青少年存在营养素养匮乏问题，近半数（47.8%）的父母粮食素养水平较差。约68.2%的家庭与54.0%的青少年存在粮食不安全（Food Insecurity, FI）状况。此外，分别有6.7%、4.7%、32.2%与16.7%的青少年存在生长迟缓、消瘦、超重/肥胖以及贫血问题。父母较差的粮食素养会使家庭粮食不安全（FI）风险升高2.7倍（p<0.001）；青少年营养素养匮乏会使其自身粮食不安全风险升高60.0%（p=0.02）。子代数量、家庭收入、居住拥挤状况以及受试者居住地同样会影响家庭与青少年的粮食不安全发生率与营养不良患病率。

研究结论
提升粮食素养与营养素养水平，有望缓解黎巴嫩的粮食不安全与营养不良问题。