IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT TACTICS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism first detected during pregnancy, which increases the risk of serious perinatal complications for both mother and fetus. In recent years, the increasing prevalence of GDM requires improvement of management strategies. This article analyzes early screening of GDM, individual risk assessment, modern methods of glycemic control (continuous glucose monitoring), rational diet therapy, physical activity, criteria for insulin therapy and metformin use, as well as principles of a multidisciplinary approach. The results show that an individualized management strategy, strict glycemic control, and continuous medical monitoring of pregnant women significantly reduce perinatal complications. Continued metabolic monitoring in the postpartum period is important in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The proposed improved management model enhances clinical effectiveness.妊娠糖尿病（Gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM）是一类于妊娠期间首次确诊的碳水化合物代谢紊乱性疾病，可显著增加母婴双方发生严重围产期并发症的风险。近年来，GDM患病率持续攀升，亟需优化其临床管理策略。本文围绕妊娠糖尿病的早期筛查、个体化风险评估、血糖控制的现代手段（持续葡萄糖监测）、合理饮食干预、运动疗法、胰岛素与二甲双胍的使用指征，以及多学科协作的管理原则展开系统分析。 研究结果显示，采用个体化管理方案、严格控制血糖并对孕妇开展持续医学监测，可显著降低围产期并发症的发生风险。产后持续进行代谢监测，对于降低产妇后续罹患2型糖尿病的风险具有重要价值。本文提出的优化管理模型可有效提升临床诊疗有效性。