DataSheet_1_Multi-omics profiling reveal responses of three major Dendrobium species from different growth years to medicinal components.docx

Dendrobium is a perennial herb found in Asia that is known for its medicinal and ornamental properties. Studies have shown that the stem is the primary medicinal component of Dendrobium spp. To investigate the effect of the species and age of Dendrobium (in years) on the content of its medicinal components, we collected the stems of 1-to-4-year-old D. officinale, D. moniliforme, and D. huoshanense, sequenced the transcriptome, metabolome, and microbiome, and analyzed the data in a comprehensive multi-omics study. We identified 10,426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 644 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) from 12 comparative groups and mapped the flavonoid pathway based on DEGs and DAMs. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated a general trend of the accumulation of flavonoids exhibiting pharmacological effects in the three Dendrobium species. In addition, joint metabolome and microbiome analyses showed that actinobacteria was closely associated with flavonoid synthesis with increasing age. Our findings provide novel insights into the interactions of flavonoids of Dendrobium with the transcriptome and microbiome.

石斛属（Dendrobium）是分布于亚洲的多年生草本植物，兼具药用与观赏价值。已有研究证实，石斛属植物的茎为其主要药用部位。为探究石斛属植物的物种与生长年限（以年计）对其药用成分含量的影响，本研究采集了1至4年生的铁皮石斛（D. officinale）、曲茎石斛（D. moniliforme）及霍山石斛（D. huoshanense）的茎部，开展转录组（transcriptome）、代谢组（metabolome）与微生物组（microbiome）测序，并通过综合多组学（multi-omics）研究对数据进行整合分析。本研究从12个对比组中鉴定出10426个差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes, DEGs）与644个差异累积代谢物（differentially accumulated metabolites, DAMs），并基于DEGs和DAMs绘制了黄酮类化合物代谢通路。转录组与代谢组数据显示，三种石斛属植物中具有药理活性的黄酮类化合物积累呈现整体变化趋势。此外，代谢组与微生物组联合分析表明，随着生长年限增加，放线菌（actinobacteria）与黄酮类化合物的合成密切相关。本研究结果为阐明石斛属黄酮类化合物与转录组、微生物组之间的互作关系提供了全新视角。