SOIL ATTRIBUTES AND WHEAT PERFORMANCE IN A GEOREFERENCED SEED PRODUCTION FIELD

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to study the linear correlations and spatial distribution between soil attributes and productivity and physiological quality of wheat seeds. Soil samples were collected at georeferenced points in an area of 41 ha with a rectangular grid of 100 × 100 m to determine soil fertility. Grain productivity, number of ears m-2, protein content, and physiological seed quality were assessed. The results were submitted to Pearson's correlation analysis, descriptive statistics, and geostatistics. Phosphorus content presented a high spatial variability, with a coefficient of variation of 97.79%. Protein content, number of ears, and SMP index presented low values of coefficient of variation, indicating their low spatial variability. Physiological seed quality was not correlated with soil attributes. Wheat productivity showed a strong correlation between calcium and soil organic matter contents, as verified by analyzing the spatial distribution maps. The analysis of the spatial distribution maps of soil nutrients is a tool that can contribute to farmers’ decision making in the management of crop fertilization aiming at increasing productivity.

摘要 本研究旨在探究土壤属性与小麦籽粒产量及种子生理品质之间的线性相关性与空间分布特征。本研究以41公顷的试验田为研究区域，采用100×100米的矩形网格布设地理参考采样点，采集土壤样品以测定土壤肥力状况。同时测定了小麦籽粒产量、每平方米穗数、籽粒蛋白质含量以及种子生理品质。采用皮尔逊相关分析、描述性统计及地统计学方法对试验结果进行分析。结果显示，土壤磷素含量具有较高的空间变异性，变异系数为97.79%；籽粒蛋白质含量、每平方米穗数及SMP指数（SMP Index）的变异系数较低，表明其空间变异性较弱。种子生理品质与土壤属性之间未呈现显著相关性。通过空间分布图谱分析可知，小麦籽粒产量与土壤钙含量及土壤有机质含量存在较强的相关性。土壤养分空间分布图谱的分析方法可为农户制定作物施肥管理方案、提升作物产量提供有效的决策支持工具。